A few, a little, some

I have little money means I am broke today. I don't have money at all to do or buy something.

I have a little money means that I am not broke today. There is some money in my wallet or in the bank.

I find it is difficult to explain the very basic word. There is no way to explain it; just understand the word.

I have a lot of money means to a certain extent I am rich. I got thousands of dollars in my account.

If I don't have thousands of dollars in my account, I would use the words 'some money'. Bill Gates could always say that he has a lot of money.
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There are a few people at the party means something like 20 to 30 people were in the party.

If there were less than 10 people, I would write there are few people at the party.


{You will find these basic words in a grammar. Don't you have a access to a grammar?}

A few:

Used in front of a noun. Used to indicate you are talking about a small number of things. It is not used when talking about a small amount of something.

For Example:

Would you like a few more milk in your coffee. (This is a wrong sentence)

For example:

There are a few things I'd like to talk to you about.
There may be a few copies left.

A few can also be used as a pronoun:

For example:

Most people stay in Japan for about a year. A few stay longer.

Some;

Used as a determiner to talk about a number of people or things.

For example:

Some people.
Some chairs.
I drank some coffee this morning.

Some friends.
Some cookies.

Used as a quantifier to talk about things belonging to a group.

For example:

...some of the things we talked about were not true.
...I've read some of the Harry Potter stories.
...some of my friends are studying English.

Used as a pronoun.

For example:

Do you have enough money?
No, I'll get some from the bank.

In a negative sentence:

For example:

I don't have some money (is wrong)
I don't have any money. (is correct)