I agree that "no" as an abbreviation, whether capitalized and
full-stopped or not, is liable to be confusing in all but the very
clearest contexts. I would use the endearingly-named "hash mark" if at
all possible, especially before another word (# of messages).
I don't know what you're writing, but if it's a chart of some kind, sometimes it's possible to substitute another number word, like "total messages" or "monthly messages" for a phrase like "number of messages." When the column is filled by numbers, of course, it's plain to everyone what you mean.