(A) After they got/came/went back to school, they quickly planted the plant in a big pot. Then, They watered the wild plants every day. IMO, 'every day' makes 'then' redundant.
(b) They watered and took care of it every day. OK
(c) They saw the plant was big and healthy. OK
They saw the plant was big and ... many flowers. Needs had/grew or similar here.
They saw the plant was big and had many flowers. OK - better would be "They saw the plant grow big and produce many flowers"
(d) The plant grew many flowers. OK
The flowers grew very well. OK
The flowers bloomed very well. OK, but I'd tend to leave out the 'very' here.