1. Yes. (all the strenuous work he did/performed.)
2. phonetic spelling = spelling the word the way it sounds. Homonyms would be a great example of not spelling things the way they sound. red, read / reed, read / wright, right, write
With a language like Spanish, each letter has only one sound (generally speaking). You might say the spelling is phonetic. With English , the variations are endless. A given combination of letters may have many different sounds in different words.
At the bottom of the dictionary page you may often find "phonetic symbols," which give non-alphabetical renderings of the common sounds. Each listed word may be followed by its phonetic spelling, as an aid to pronounciation.
Kooyeen is very much into this sort of thing. Also CJ We have entire forums dedicated to it.
- A.