--- I'm an original poster, Magic dragon. I too think C is different from the other 2. I saw in a book (In this book I found many grammar mistakes) the description saying all 3 are the same. Of course I'm very doubtful about it, and wanted other people's opinions.
I think "in ---ing" is the same as "by ---ing" or means some kind of progress leading to a completion.
Am I right?
I think in the latter meaning, the following 2 samples can be written.
A: You should be careful in crossing the road.
B: I was very happy in writing the book.
I think these 2 are correct. Am I right?
But I think the following sentence (C) is awkward.
C: You should be careful in choosing friends.
Am I right?
One more thing I want to ask is if "in ---ing" can be replaced by using "as".
Are the following 2 sentences the same in meaning?
A: You should be careful in crossing the road.
D: You should be careful as you cross [are crossing] the road.