Plant was a Biotic factor that has been mainly mentioned on the above proof but so as animal, the abiotic factors will decide whether the species are abundant in the area or not. Air or soil temperature should be the main factor that affects the existence of animals. In the data table 1.1, it shows that ground temperatures were low and were not changed much along the line. The highest temperature is 20 and the lowest is 16. Going associately with the ground temperature, air temperatures were also shown to be not much different between distances. They are certainly higher than the ground temperature; the highest air temperature along the line is 22°C and lowest is 15°.

Having the same characteristics as plants, different animals having different preference of natural factor. For example, in the study area, a specie of worm was found, where soil temperature is between 18°C- 22°C, this is a normal temperature that they can be adapted in, if the temperature is too low or too high, this worm species might could not be survived and other adapter might take place.

Ground covering is also another Abiotic factor that affects the population of animal species. Where ground covering is high, it indicates the soil is moist. Most of reptile or worm species love moisture and hide from others, these species would prefer to survive within these areas.

However, in addition to the abiotic factors that were focused, other biological factor such as rock formation also affects greatly to the abundance of biotic factor. Rocks, the same as grass, appeared many where around the hill. They are sedimentary rock. Over thousands of year, rocks have been formed by many reasons and factors, it can be from the volcano eruption, erosion or they can be made from minerals such as sulphides, native elements, oxides… The increase of the number of rocks in the area means the decrease of the size of specie’s population as they take much space away, reduce the area of rich soil for plants to grow. This could be the most possible reason of why at top of hill the living species are not as abundant as the lower spots.

Sandstone, a common rock in the area, is a type of sedimentary rock that can be broke easily into sand. It is the reason of the present of sandbank along the river edges, where plants do not prefer to live as it has a very high pH level and low temperature. Since not many plants survive in the sandy part of the forest, animals also choose another place to live.

Plants and animals, the two main biotic factors in this environment, have a close relationship to each other. As mentioning above, abiotic factors give a great impact on plant, however they also give the same impact to animal but in an indirect way. This rule always works in the natural environment and present as a food chain. Some abiotic factor such as light intensity means giving sunlight, a food source of plant, to plant. In this case, plants are the producers. Then herbivores animal eat plant, they are known as the primary consumer. Carnivores will then feed on the herbivores and they are known as secondary consumer… the cycle is followed as below:

Therefore, once the abiotic factors giving some effect that reduces the chance of the survival of plant, it also means reducing the chance of survival of other animals.

There are a variety number of relationships between biotic in this area. It can either be the symbiotic relationship, including beneficial, relationship, mutualism and commensalism, which is when one or both gain benefits, or detrimental relationship and competition, when one affects another.

The beneficial or mutualism relationship can be noticed by looking at the animal and plant species in the area. Bee helps plants to transfer pollen, which helps for the reproduction of plant species. Bee also gains benefit by getting nectar from plant. Flowerpecker feeds on insects that destroy plants are also an example. This relationship is a form of symbiosis, where both species benefit.

The apostle birds (happy jack) build their nest on eucalyptus tree. This is an example of commensalism, where tree is not affected by the apostle bird, but giving them a benefit.

However, there is not always the present of beneficial relationship between these biotic factors. There is also a number of detriments that given by one or both the species.

Earthworm is a species that converts detritus leaves into mineral compound, which then can’t be taken in as nutrition by plants. By this way, the earthworm, which has been found in the study field, has given an effect to plant species, this is called a detrimental relationship.

Competition is also a form of relationship that can usually be seen in the environment. It is mostly the relationship between animals, which compete for the same resources, especially for food. There is none example that have been seen during the observation process but in other environments, an example can be shown is the gulls and pelicans.

Biologically, the number of plants is always larger than the number of other animals, which are stated as the relationship between producer and consumers, in an environment. After plants receive sun energy and convert it into the nutrition they need, the primary and secondary consumers etc, only get 10% from the original amount of energy as they go up the pyramid of energy such as the one below:

The abundance of different species in the Salvator Rosa park can be explained by this conception.

Following the cycle, every individual biotic factor has an important role in transporting the energy around the environment. They unite tightly together. Only a small effect to a small biotic factor would give big effect the whole environment.

Throughout the activity, time was a factor that limited the further investigation on other interested aspects of the park. There was mainly the need of focusing on the task given and hence provide no opportunity for observing into deeper structure of the environmental system. In the future, the results of the observation or investigation are believed to be more accurate and take shorter time, as the group has had experiments hence the tests will be performed in a more proficient way.

However, this independent activity was providing a certain number of discoveries on the life of a wild environmental landscape. The most relevant concept that was found out is the interaction between Abiotic and Biotic factor in a common habitat. Every single factor contributes a vital role in keeping the energy or food source, which help the survival of the whole environmental creatures.

The national park was presented as a healthy and abundant forest by the number of different species it contains.  It is a wide world that contains many interested things, which can’t be found in the outside world. Forests are usually described as the green heart of the earth, where it provides human fresh air, natural landscape and economic opportunity. Therefore, it always needs to be existed healthily and abundantly. However, not only the inside system has a significant impact on keeping a healthy abundant forest in a long term, human also need to show a responsibility in looking after and maintain them so that it will forever be useful to human.