I've never read any of Herman Melville's literary works, and if the above quote is in any way typical of his literary style, then I am sure I never want to.
Believe me, most native English-speakers (and I am one) would struggle with the turgidity of such prose.
I would advise any learners of English not to waste too much time attempting to decipher such language (unless, of course, they are obliged to study Melville as part of an English Literature course, or they enjoy doing cryptic crosswords!)
It seems to me as though Melville swallowed a dictionary for breakfast that morning, and was having some trouble regurgitating it.
Sorry! ;-)