Hi Tanit,
Can't speak for a specialized audience, but I would take "listed building" to mean one which is protected by the law, to preserve it as a national treasure, or some such. Something like being on the endangered species list for historical buildings.
If you're thinking the same audience should know both terms, we must be talking about anthropology rather than nature. "Historical site" is the only thing that comes to mind. (Sorry, not much help.)
Regards, - A.