I'm doing literature review for a paper and have a question. When I say, "In Paco (2007), (x or the?) simulated values showed similar patterns as (x or the?) observed values.  The simulated values were averaged over (a or the?) study area.", do I have to use the definite article "the" for all cases because all the nouns are specific to the Paco's work?  Can I assume that the reader is aware of the fact that those simulated/observed values and the study area referred to those used in Paco's work?

Can definiteness be implied by just adding "the" or should it be explicitly defined somewhere else before using "the"?

Let's say we have two sentences: "The simulated values in this study suggest that ...  In Paco (2007), the simulated values ..."  Does this suggest that the two "the simulated values" just came from my study?  Or can "In Paco (2007)," imply that the second occurence of "the simulated values" is specific to Paco's work?

Thank you in advance.