You can say
though at the end of a sentence to mean approximately the same as
but at the beginning, but
although can't be used that way.
He's very smart. He's not a genius, though.
You can say
as though, but not
as although, to mean
as if in discussing similarities.
He acted as though he were dreaming.
You can say
even though, but not
even although, to mean
despite the fact that.
Even though he was nervous, he gave the speech without a mistake.
In most other situations,
although and
though are equivalent.
CJ