If it is not received, you may get an "invalid recipient," or "address unknown" email from the mail server. As to being opened and read, in general there is no notification. (Of course you can ask the recipient to send you a reply!) There is no equivalent of the "snail mail" registered letter.
In some internal corporate email systems, the system is set up so you can tag a message to request an automatic return email generated automaticaly by the system when your email is opened by the recipient.