--What I mean is ---
P: He enjoyed listening to the music.
In P, the whole sentence (He enjoyed listening to the music.) clearly expresses a past occurrence / fact.
It's because the sentence has the Subject and Tense.
But "listening to the music" expresses a past action, I think, because it has no Subject, or Tense (no infornmation for time and place).
So I think whether "to do" / "---ing" / "that clause" is an action or occurrence doesn't depend on their time (past / present / future).
What I want to know most is whether we should regard as action or occurrence what we express both by using "---ing" and by that clause--such as X and Y.
X: I remember seeing her in that shop the other day.
Y: I remember that I saw her in that shop the other day.