I think in both cases I would describe the differences as shifts in emphasis, rather than differences in meaning, though looking for a moment at the second set of sentences, the sentence "he lost his heart due to her", might have different meaning entirely.
With regard to the sentences concerning gambling: both have the same overall meaning, but after reading the first, it is almost as if the fortune was handed over to gambling and it is 'gambling' that now owns the fortune. The second sentence is more matter-of-fact. It is as if we say: This man lost his fortune. He lost it because he gambled. In a way, the emphasis is now on why/how he lost his fortune.
As regards the second set of sentences: obviously, the meaning of the first sentence is that 'he' fell in love with 'her', but the image is of the heart now being 'her' possession. Unfortunately, I have never come across the second sentence before. I would be greatly influenced by the context in deciding what this meant, but supposing that the figurative meaning was in fact the same as that of the first sentence, I would repeat that the emphasis is now placed more firmly on 'her' or on 'how' he lost his heart and the overall effect might even be slightly accusatory.