He swallowed a lot of new questions which had just occured to him, and looked instead at the thousands of narrow boxes piled neatly right to the ceiling.
He | swallowed ... and looked (instead)
subject | verbs joined by a conjunction (adverb)
swallowed | a lot of new questions
verb | complement of the verb, i.e., direct object - also antecedent to "which"
questions: which (the questions) | had occurred | to him
relative pronoun | verb phrase | prepositional phrase - indirect object pronoun "him"
relative clause functioning as an adjective to "questions"
looked | at the thousands of narrow boxes OR looked at | the thousands of narrow boxes
verb | prepositional phrases OR verb | complement, i.e., direct object
boxes | [which were] piled neatly right to the ceiling
direct object | modifying past participle phrase equivalent to a relative clause with "which were" deleted
piled | neatly | right | to the ceiling
past (passive) participle | adverb of manner | adverb of degree modifying the following | prepositional phrase
Well, it's a start, anyway!