How to reduce Noun Clauses:
1. Noun Clauses to Gerund Phrases:
When you change noun clauses to gerund phrase, you must first change the verb in the noun clause to its- ing form ; as show in the following .
Examples:
1.Full: They admit that they have problems at school.
Reduced: They admit having problems at school.
2.Full: They recommend that you buy a less expensive car.
Reduced: They recommend you buying a less expensive car.
3.Full: I suggested that John buys a less expensive car.
Reduced: I suggested John’s buying a less expensive car.
4.Full: That the peace treaty was signed was important.
Reduced: The signing of the peace treaty was important.
2. Noun Clauses to Infinitive Phrases:
When you change noun clauses to infinitive phrases, you must first change the verb in the noun clause to an infinitive by adding “ to” the base form of the verb, as show in the following examples:
1.Full: He claims that is genius.
Reduced: He claims to be genius.
2.Full: I ask that you go first.
Reduced: I ask you to go first.
How to reduce Adjective Clauses:
Adjective clauses in which the relative pronouns are the subject of the verb may be reduced to participle phrases, as shown in the following:
Examples:
1.Full: Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
Reduced: Students arriving late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
2.Full: The books that were sent to me by the embassy were interesting.
Reduced: The books sent to me by the embassy were interesting.
Reduced participle in this way can have several forms:
1.Both action happened after the other.
Full: Jack, who is taking chemistry of the first time, needs a tutor.
Reduced: Jack, taking chemistry of the first time, needs a tutor.
Reduced: Taking chemistry of the first time, Jack needs a tutor.
2.One action happened after the other.
1. Full: Bill, who had taken chemistry in high school, offered to help him.
Reduced: Bill, having taken chemistry in high school, offered to help him.
Reduced: Having taken chemistry in high school, Bill offered to help him.
2.Full: Tom, who had been unjustly fired from the dependent, sued the firm.
Reduced: Tom, having been unjustly fired from the department, sued the firm.
Reduced: Having been unjustly fired from the department, Tom sued the firm.
How to reduced Adverb clauses:
Adverb clauses of time and cause may also be reduce to participle phrases. This is especially true when the subject of the adverb clauses is the same as the subject of the main clause.
1.Reduction of Adverb clauses of time.
Reduction of Adverb clauses of time are most common from clauses that begin with after, before, when, whenever, and while. To make the relationship between the phrase and the independent sentence very clear, the adverbial expression of time is usually kept at the beginning of the phrase:
Example:
.Fill: While they are living in the United States, many students sign several types of contracts.
Reduced: While living in the United States, many students sign several types of contracts.
2. Reduction of Adverb clauses of time.
The adverbial expression of cause should not be kept when a participial reduction is mad.
Example:
Full: Since she had moved so many times already, she did not want to be transferred to another city to work.
Reduced: Having moved so many times already, she did not want to be transferred to another city to work.
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