Another set of patterns occurred to me. These sometimes give
learners trouble, and it's a good idea to practice them until they are
automatic. They are drills on 'subject pronoun + auxiliary verb'
contractions.
Type X1:
he's, she's, I'm, you're, we're, they're
Type X2:
he'll, she'll, I'll, you'll, we'll, they'll
he'd, she'd, I'd, you'd, we'd, they'd
Type X3:
he's, she's, I've, you've, we've, they've
he'd, she'd, I'd, you'd, we'd, they'd
Combine X1 with verbs in
-ing or with adjectives or with other descriptive expressions. (
She's eating chocolate. They're going home. I'm happy. We're on time.) Add
always,
never, or
usually where appropriate:
I'm usually happy. We're always on time. You're never late.
Combine X2 with the bare infinitive. (
He'll help. They'll agree. We'd buy it.)
Combine X3 with the past participle. (
He's been sick. I've bought the car. They'd seen the movie.) Add
already where appropriate:
I've already seen it. She's already done it.
I won't bother to write out all the negative contractions and the more
complicated combinations because I think this is enough to give you an
idea of what to practice.
CJ