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Latest post Wed, Sep 17 2008 4:31 PM by Newguest. 5 replies.
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Newguest  +  567103 Wed, 17 Sep 08 11:56 AM

Hi

When we say: visited (there is "id" at the end), when we say: worked (there is "t" at the end), when we say: stayed (there is "d" at the end)

Is there any rule for it?

Joined on Sun, Feb 25 2007
Senior Member 2,098
Eimai_Anglos  +  567112 Wed, 17 Sep 08 12:30 PM
Sort of!
"Visited" has three syllables: vis-i-ted

It is impossible to say "td" so that syllable can not be shortened and must be pronounced in full.

"Worked" has only one syllable in modern English: wurkt

It is possible but difficult to pronounce "d" after "k" so the "d" is softened to a "t" sound.

More examples:-

hacked (hakt)
talked (torkt)
walked (warkt)
smoked (smohkt)
locked (lokt)
leaked (leekt)
looked (lukt)

(In old English the syllable "ked" was often pronounced in full.)
Joined on Thu, Jun 23 2005
Regular Member 509
Martin - native English speaker and technical author.
Newguest, 1 yr 66 days ago

Thanks Martin!!!

Cool Breeze  +  567187 Wed, 17 Sep 08 03:27 PM
Newguest

Is there any rule for it?

 

1. The suffix is pronounced [ d] after a voiced sound. All vowels are voiced sounds and so are [ b], [ g], [ l], [ m], [ n], [ v] and [ z]. Exampes: dreamed, begged, combed, pleased.

2. The suffix is pronounced [ t] after an unvoiced/voiceless sound such as [ p], [ k], [ s], [ ʃ]. Examples: skipped, asked, dressed, washed.

3. An exception to the above: the suffix is pronounced [ id] after [ d] and [ t]. Examples: needed, wanted.

If the word is not part of a perfect or a pluperfect finite verb, the pronunciation may be different. A learned [ id] man, a long-legged [ id/d] girl.

CB

Joined on Fri, Apr 7 2006
Senior Member 3,970
"I hope you'll all live to be 150 years old - and the last voice you hear is mine!" Frank Sinatra on stage in Oslo, Norway, 28 September 1991
Philip  +  567211 Wed, 17 Sep 08 04:27 PM
CB's explanation is 100% right on.  It is a linguistic question dealing with phonology.

By the way, the same principle is in play with the plural noun ending 's/es':  's' after a non-voiced consonant (lamps, desks); 'z' after a voiced consonant or a vowel (dogs, monkeys); and 'iz' after the sound of 's' or 'z' (classes, noises).

The same with the third person singular of the present tense of verbs:  's' (hits); 'z' (plays); and 'iz' (misses).

(Printing note:  in my examples, and in CB's, the vowel indicated as 'i' should be the schwa (ә) sound.

Joined on Thu, Jun 23 2005
Veteran Member 8,736
At reise er at leve! - H. C. Andersen
Newguest, 1 yr 66 days ago

Thanks guys. It's clearer now.

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