Hi. I'm translating a law document and I'm not sure how the Judge should be addressed. I have to use the British "system", so is it Sir Judge? What if the Judge is a woman, Madam Judge? And when writing a sentence with those terms is it correct to say something like "I ask you Sir Judge"? Thanks in advance.

Hello. I found the PDF of a book on the internet, and am not sure if the work is in public domain, i.e, I don't have to pay the royalty to translate it.How can I figure that out? It is copyright 1964 Thanks very much in advance

I have a legal background but am interested in switching careers to teaching English. I´m wondering what sort of demand there is for teachers of legal English in Spain particularly, and elsewhere where demand might be high. Thanks for any information.

what is grammatical equivalence

Hi there, I am currently preparing my MA research proposal and the topic is all about legal English. To be precise I want to fire a few questions as Legal English teachers as well as legal professionals who teach or planning to teach English. I promise the questionaire won't take long. Is anybody out there who is willing to assist me with answering a few questions or do you know anyone who would be perfect to do so? Thank you. Kind Regards Bianca

hi! Could you please explain the difference between contract and agreement? Is there actually any difference between these two terms in American/British legal system? For example in the text below the terms are expressly distinguished. «It was all handled according to numbers,» Virginia said. «General classifications. For instance, number one to a thousand was personal correspondence. Number one thousand to three thousand represented contracts . Three thousand to five thousand, probate. Five thousand to six thousand, wills. Six thousand to eight thousand, agreements . Eight thousand to ten thousand, real estate transactions.» by Erle Stanley Gardner "The Case of the Horrified Heirs" Thank you in advance

Hi there. I had to do some research about English law. Could you please tell me whether my answers are correct ? Thank you so much. 1) buy alcohol : 18 2)drink alcohol in public : 18 or 16 if it's beer/cider with a meal in a pub and you're with an adult 3) drink alcohol in private : 5 (alcohol may be given by parents to children over the age of 5 in a private home) 4) go into pubs : 14 5) buy cigarettes : 16 6) smoke : 16 7) drive a moped : 16 8) drive a car : 17 9) drive a motorbike : 17 10) vote in a general election : 18 11)join the army : 18 12)get married with your parents' consent : 16 13) get married without your parents' consent : 18 14) have a credit card : 18 15) leave school : 16 16) have a part-time job : 13 (full-time : 16) 17) sign on for unemployment benefit : 16 18) be tried in a criminal court : 10 19) buy a gun : 17 20) have sex if you're a boy : 16 21) have sex if you're a girl : 16 Thanks a lot !!!! Cheyenne Akinuoye

" To Whom It May Concern"- what does it mean? what purpose of this phrase?

In an Shareholders' agreement under the head "Governing law" is written: This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with and be governed by the laws of Sweden without reference to its conflicts of laws principles ". What does the the read part mean? Thanks!!!

Dear all, I have already asked the question on the general topic list but maybe I am better here, as it is also a legal topic. So I am asking the question again over here, hoping more people can give their opinion. I have a discussion about the termination of a contract with following terms: "The rental contract will run until it is terminated by one of the parties giving the other one six months' notice with effect from the end of the calender year" I am not sure this is proper and clear English, as I had discussions with my colleagues about the start of the notice period and the effective end date of the contract. Can someone please explain this sentence, and tell me when notice needs to be given? When does the contract terminate, if notice is given on - - June 15, 2012 ? - Sept 15, 2012 ? I would greatly appreciate the help of a native speaker here! Thanks a lot!

what is the difference between an act and a law?

what is the best way to write formal application. for example , i have submmited documents 20 days back but still not get appointment from you how we should write this formaly

I wanted to know what are the differnce between Letter of Agreement (LOA), Memorandum of Agreement (MOA), Memorandum of Understading (MOU), Partnership Agreement or contract in legal term? Vivek Sharma Kathmandu, Nepal

could someone kindly shed some light on the difference therebetween? BTW, if i intend to mean TO ARGUE AGAINST THE OPPONENT'S ARGUMENT, which one of the two fit better here. tks

Hello everybody I was reading an agreement (services agreement) and found a clause which set forth that service provider could render services to contractor only within a certain territory. The clause title was "Exclusiveness". First I thought it was wrong, I thought the noun was exclusivity. But then I found it in Oxford Dictionary. I was wondering whether there is any difference between them (maybe exclusiveness should be used to mean the exclusiveness of luxury items, for instance). Can anyone help? Which word should I use in such kind of contract?

um writing a research paper about the lexical features and grammatical features of legal English. can anyone plz help me?

Hi, somebody could traslate me the following clause " acta de ofrecimiento de acciones al perjudicado u ofendido por falta ", obviously is related to a document the police give to a petit theft victim to make him/her know his/her rights like a victim. I'm a policeman in charge of the report office for turist in MALAGA, SPAIN , and I'm trying to translate this document so everybody could understand perfectly what they are signing. Thank you so much

In the hypothesis of the CONTRACTED PARTY need to rely on third parties for the execution of the contracted services, should submit to the CONTRACTING PARTY at least two budgets of these third-party services, for prior review and approval of the CONTRACTING PARTY. SERVICES AND PRICE 3. The other services will be provided by the CONTRACTED PARTY and shall require the prior approval in writing by the CONTRACTING PARTY , in accordance with the strategies defined formally and in common. The price of such services shall be determined for each case, considering its merits, and must be approved in advance by the CONTRACTING PARTY , according with the description of services to be rendered, attachment object to this contract. The written and signed documents relating to the request and the approved fixation of the price, are an integral part of this instrument. 4. In the hypothesis of the CONTRACTED PARTY need to rely on third parties for the execution of the contracted services, should submit to the CONTRACTING PARTY at least two budgets of these third-party services, for prior review and approval of the CONTRACTING PARTY . 4.1 Both parties agreed that the third party services will be billed directly by these against the CONTRACTING PARTY . ...

Hello everyone. I have a question. In Islamic law (fiqh) there is a term for the legal ability to annul a contract as long as the meeting is not over. In Arabic it's called خیار المجلس. In Persian خیار مجلس. Can you tell me the closest term for it in English? Thank you very much in advance.

Could you please help me: I don't understand the meaning of "releases" in this context. "...AA, BB, CC and DD hereby agree to execute releases under the laws of Country 1 and Country B in the forms attached hereto as Schedule "C" and Schedule "D", respectively." I do really appreciate your help in advance. A. ...

Hi, I'm not sure if I'm writing in the appropriate place to ask this question or not? if not please first forgive me and then guied me if you can. Now my question: A few days ago I read an article which its intruduction (about four first paragraphs) was really hard for me to understand. You assistance to understandnig it would be much appriciated. Thanks a lot in advance. The link to the article is:

What is meant by lexico grammatical features of legal text?

Hi All, Can anybody tell me the meaning of the term 'suo motu' in legal context? Thanks in advance. Jagan.

Please explain me when we use ADJ "legal", "legitimate" or "lawful" Thanks a lot

Dear Members, See the contract. Please suggest necessary changes. Thanks, Hiring Agreement – Rented Vehicle This contract is entered into between M/S Car and cars having its office at _________ , (hereinafter referred as “the Owner” AND M/S Lush House, having its office at --------------- (hereinafter referred to as the “Hirer”) The General Term and Conditions of the contract are given below; TERMS & CONDITIONS:- The owner will provide a car, Toyota Corolla (XLI/ GLI), Model 2005-2007. The rental of vehicle will be agreed $ 500 per month. Car offered by owner is on chauffeur driven basis. Salary of drivers to be paid by owner. In addition a sum of $ 500 per month will be paid to driver as daily meal allowance by the hirer. Duty time of driver will be 12 hrs per day or maximum 72 hrs in a week of six days. All major maintenance of vehicle is owner’s responsibility. But the minor maintenance to be borne by the Hirer i.e. oil filter, wash, puncture etc. ( Oil Filter to be changed after running of 3000 kms) Monthly Rent to be paid with in one week of receipt of original invoice after the end on each month. Fuel, Parking and Toll Taxes to be paid by Hirer. The Owner will provide replacement within reasonable time in case of breakdown of any vehicle. Car offered for both local and distance use. However, driver will be paid $ 20 per night as stay allowance at outstation. That hirer will not be responsible for any damage or loss to the car during duty hours. The driver will be responsible for maintaining Log book of vehicle on the given format by Hirer. ...