Longest name of a place:
1. The official name of Bangkok, Thailand:
Krungthepmahanakornamornratanakosinmahintarayutthayamahadilokphopnopparatrajathaniburiromudomrajaniwesmahasatharnamornphimarnavatarnsathitsakkattiyavisanukamprasit
Translation:
krungthep mahanakorn
The great city of angels,
amorn rattanakosin mahintara yutthaya mahadilok
phop
the supreme unconqueralble land of the great immortal divinity
(Indra),
noparat rajathani burirom
the royal capital of nine noble gems, the pleasant city,
udomrajaniwes mahasatharn
with plenty of grand royal palaces,
amorn phimarn avatarnsathit
and divine paradises for the reincarnated deity (Vishnu),
sakkatattiya visanukam prasit
given by Indra and created by the god of crafting (Visnukarma).
2.
Tetaumatawhakatangihangakoauaotamateaurehaeaturipukapihimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuaakitanarahu (New Zealand's South Island)
Translation: "The place
where Tamatea, the man with the big knees, who slid, climbed,
and swallowed mountains, known as land eater, played his flute
to his loved one"
3. Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch (North Wales)
Translation: "Saint Mary's Church
in the hollow of white hazel near a rapid whirlpool and the Church
of Saint Tysilio near the red cave."
Apparently http://llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch.co.uk/ is the longest domain name on the web. Locals call it Llanfair PG or Llanfairpwll.
=======================
Shortest name of a place:
1. A (Norway)
It's actually A with a circle on top, pronounced like 'or' in 'port'.
It's an old Norwegian word for river, and the last alphabet in
Norwegian. It's a tiny fishing hamlet in the Lofoten Islands.
2. Y (France)
Pronounced as E. Y is near the township of Ham ans Athies in the department of Somme in Picardy.