We commonly use abbreviations such as Dx for diagnosis, Fx for fracture, Hx for history, Sx for symptoms, Tx for treatment or transplant and so forth. It is quite convenient to use those abbreviations in writing a medical chart. What I really don't understand is the reason why were those abbreviations such as Dx, Fx, Hx, Sx, Tx created by using "x"? I mean why an alphabet such as "D" followed by "x" means an abbreviation for diagnosis. Why does "x" mean an abbreviation? I can imagine that perhaps "x" means something special. But why should it be "x", not "y"? Do you agree that this "x" might be somewhat related to the old symbol "Rx" referring to prescription? I would appreciate it if you would provide me with some more information on my question.

Hi, Anyone looking for original writing and speaking preparation materials can contact me by email or on my new website (see my profile page for details). I have created writing tasks and speaking role plays, using real life dental situations to develop your writing style and communication skills. I have worked in the dental industy for 25 years, and can offer realistic materials to build your confidence, vocabulary, empathy skills, and ability to deal with difficult and anxious patients. Hope to hear from you, Cheers, Lee

Hello my name is Naïma and I study speech and language therapy in France. Do you know if there are books or websites about SLT to help me improve my english ? thank you Naïma

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hi teachers. are dose and dosage same? smdl

Hello semuanya. I am Ruth from Indonesia. I am an Indonesian who teaches English. I have to teach English for medical people who are equipped with some English already next week. I have no background of medical knowledge at all. I have checked some recommended sites for teaching medical people. My questions are: do medical students usually expect the English teachers to know about their field? Also, when students already know grammar how could someone who has no knowledge of medical field survive to teach them English? Pls help me. Would appreciate any ideas! Ruth

Hello teachers., everything changed in this site but old site was very good. smdl

Hey! Does anyone know free possibilities to prepare for the writing subtest? Where can I find patient cases to practise the writing of referral/discharge letters. Does anyone know other sources as the ones on the OET website? Also for the other 3 subtests. If I had the money I would of course buy the suggested books or look for courses - it´s just not possible at the moment.. Thanks for any help!!

I am already qualified for TEFL, but am lokking specifically for medical terminology and vocabulary. Do you have any appropriate online courses, please?Thank you and regards

Teachers, please help me in understanding vial and ampoule. Both ampoule and vials are containers of solution which is taken into syringe for injection. I want to know are both stand or give same meaning? smdl

Hi, I want to know various methods to express feeling of pain from low to high? Someone who is from medical background may attempt this question, please. I request John and S Rao to share their knowledge. Thanks, Mary D

Hello teachers, How to say to the patient when a pain killer tab to be taken orally but chewable way.. Please put this tablet under/beneath the tongue.- is this ok? please help... smdl

I have studied the apothecary system, and notice they use romannumerals on prescriptions to indicated the number of tablets orcapsules in the signa, such as iii po BID Alos, some doctors do: TTT po BID (for three tablets twice a day by mouth) But I notice most doctors, when they write a script and use "T" fortablet, but they also add a special symbol on top of the "T". Somedoctors put a quotation mark on top of it: " T While others use something like a grave accent: ` T Does anyone know what these mean? I've seen other strange symbols too. Thanks! Julie

Hello! I am looking for a good book which I could use to teach English to doctors in France which would rather emphasize the exchange with the patients than the reading or writing of articles. Thanks a lot in advance for your suggestions Luciana

Hi Could anyone help me getting OET coaching or materials online or any helpful link regarding this would be highly appreciated. Please forward me links on my mail <removed by mod.> Thanks in advance <EDITED by mod: Welcome to the forums! Please notice that contact information in posts will be deleted. You may include it in your profile if you want to be contacted by other members..> ...

The subject is (effectively) malnutrition of burn patients . As a non-native speaker, I'd be delightful for any criticism whatsoever ... tear it apart! Introduction : Extensive burn injury results in large shifts of bodily fluids. There is an increased loss of fluids and proteins into interstitium. The early stages are marked with a hypermetabolic response of magnitude seen only in a burn injury and which lasts till the burn wounds are healed, which may take several months. Immediate fluid resuscitation with Ringer lactate, which contains physiological-like concentrations of major electrolytes, is of vital importance. In addition, we make use of early nutritional support: in the early phase of treatment most often a combination of enteral and parenteral feeding. Purpose : The purpose of this thesis is to present the nutritional needs of a patient with a major burn injury, methods of detecting suboptimal nutrient intake, as well as ways of achieving sufficient nutritional support. Methods : The thesis has used descriptive method of reviewing foreign and domestic literature, presentation of a case study, inspection of documents or other data pertaining to burn patients with regard to their diet, and evaluation of patients' recovery monitoring by means of weighing. Searching the literature was aided by electronic databases PubMed, <snipped>; paper monographs were found with the help of the Slovenian online bibliographic system COBISS. Results : Examining the burn patients' data has revealed a drop in the frequency of patients' nutritional status monitoring. Discussion and conclusion : Nutrition of a critically ill, a burn patient in the thesis, is the subject of many studies which all agree that immediate enteral nutrition is a significant form of treatment and not just its support. Clearly defined responsibilities, better cooperation between health professionals, and the adoption of dietary guidelines and protocols would prevent quite a few cases of severe malnutrition and would greatly reduce the time and cost of treatment. ...

Hi, please help me to write abbreviation for with food and without food . Thanks for your help. sagar dey

how to prevent uti in adolts?

I am looking for somene to edit a possible publication of me, I heard from a friend that http:www.englishediting.webs.com is a good editing place , but was wondering if anyone else has used the service? or had some paper edited?

Finally, in BETA now so it's all free! for doctors, nurses, pharmactists etc.

Hello, would anyone be so kind and explain me what the exact difference (if any) is between "inoculation" and "vaccination"?

Are there any Norwegian speakers that wish to practise their English while teaching a UK Doctor? I have a friend who is about to become a Consultant Pediatrician in Norway. He would like to chat with Norwegian speakers so that you can both increase your fluency. If anybody is interested please send me a personal message and we can exchange details.

While working toward my career in nursing, I...

Hello Teachers, There are many drug routes like oral, rectal, IV, IM, I dermal, local etc. Do you know some other routes? please help. My professor wants answer tomorrow afternoon. please help. smdl

How made l ubelt test in Bulgaria? What period?