Tung Quoc  +  277248 Sat, 07 Oct 06 05:11 AM She did very well on the exam. She must have studied hard.  (1) =She did very well on the exam. She should have studied hard. (2) =She did very well on the exam. She ought to have studied hard. (3) Is that right? If not, what is the difference btw them? Quoc Tung Quoc Joined on Sun, Sep 17 2006 Regular Member 870

	Clive  +  277265 Sat, 07 Oct 06 05:47 AM Hi, She did very well on the exam. She must have studied hard.  (1) =She did very well on the exam. She should have studied hard. (2) =She did very well on the exam. She ought to have studied hard. (3) Is that right? No, it's not. If not, what is the difference btw them? In #1, the second sentence suggests a reason for her success. In #2 and #3, the second sentence gives the opinion that she needed to study more. This advice would be appropriate if she had failed. But she didn't fail. eg She failed the exam. She should have studied hard. (2) Best wishes, Clive Clive Joined on Thu, Oct 28 2004 Canada Veteran Member 29,630 El tango argentino es un pensamiento triste que se puede bailar (The tango argentino is a sad thought which can be danced) Enrique Santos Discépolo

	CalifJim  +  277306 Sat, 07 Oct 06 08:18 AM See Post:67841. CJ CalifJim Joined on Mon, Aug 2 2004 California Veteran Member 22,415 "There are no facts, only interpretations" - Nietzsche

	milky  +  277333 Sat, 07 Oct 06 09:49 AM She did very well on the exam. She must have studied hard.  (1) I conclude that she did study hard. =She did very well on the exam. She should have studied hard. (2) I conclude that she didn't study hard. (Not a logical conclusion) =She did very well on the exam. She ought to have studied hard. (3) I conclude that she didn't study hard. (Not a logical conclusion) milky Joined on Thu, Jan 15 2004 Senior Member 3,149 Hume said that if we had perfect or complete descriptive knowledge of reality, we could not, by reasoning, derive a single valid "ought".