This soft drink contains from 1 to 10 milligrams of caffeine.I'm not exactly sure why, but we would never hear a native speaker say it like this. I wonder if there's some sort of rule about this. Anyway I think that: "Think of a number from 1 to 10." might be a special case.
from.... to almost seems to me like it is emphasising what your choices are
between.... and whereas this one seems to indicate simply that the amount could fall anywhere in this range
In most those sentences below I think that you would be better off not using from.... to It doesn't sound right to me for some reason.