Hello, Daniel
There is an explanation for the existence of sentences like "I'm given water" which is, by the way, grammatically correct.
As has been explained here, the first you need in order for a sentence in the passive voice to be possible is a transitive verb and its direct object. You may have sentences like:
"Someone has stolen my wallet."
"My wallet has been stolen."
"steal" is a transitive verb, and its object (in the first sentence) is "my wallet". In the second sentence (passive voice) the object of the first sentence has become subject, and "someone" is not necessary because it does not add any useful information. If it did, or if it were relevant for any orher reasons, it would appear in the predicate of the sentence introduced by the preposition "by", and the construction would be the "agent", as in "My wallet has been stolen by someone."
"Stesl" is, among transitive verbs, called "monotransitive" because it takes only one object: the direct object. Two other types of transitive verbs exist in English: "ditransitive" and "complex transitive". A ditransitive verb is one that takes two objects: direct and indirect. A complex transitive verb is one that takes a direct object and an object complement. You may think this is superfluous information, but it is important for what comes next.
You asked about a different case which sounded awkward to you: "I was given water". This will sound strange, for example, to Spanish speakers because we do not have a smilar cnstruction in spanish; yet, it is possible and correct in English. However, not every sentence that contains a transitive verb will accept this type of conversion to the passive. In order for a sentence such as "I was give water" to be possible, you need a "ditransitive" verb, that is, a verb that has both a direct and an indirect object.
In active sentences such as "He gave water to me", in which you have two objects (water: direct object; to me: indirect object), more than one passive form is possible. You know that the direct object "water" can become subject of the passive sentence:
"Water was given to me."
What is perhaps 'new' here is that the indirect object may as well become the subject of the passive sentence:
"I was given water".
Since both passive forms are possible and correct, you have a choice which will depend on the situation in which the sentence is used. What is more important to you in the sentence? "I", as opposed to anyone else, or "water", as opposed to milk, coffee or wine? The second example, however, seems to be more common. Other verbs that admit this type of transformation into the passive are show, ask, teach, pay, tell, deny, grant, hand, offer, throw, just to mention a few.
Here are some examples:
Active: "John asked Steve a question." (Steve: IO; a question: DO)
Passive 1: "A question was asked of Steve."
Passive2: "Steve was asked a question."
Active: "You are telling me lies." (me: IO; lies: DO)
Passive 1: "Lies are being told to me." (not commonly used, really)
Passive 2: "I'm being told lies."
Active: "The company will offer Mr. Jones a position as accountant." (Mr Jones: IO; a position as accountant: DO)
Passive 1: "A position as accountant will be offered to Mr Jones."
Passive 2: "Mr Jones will be offered a position as accountant."
There are other instances of sentences in the passive voice which are different from the most commonly taught type "Water was given to me":
There are sentences such as "They say that the price of oil will rise" in which 'they' has no specific referent; it refers to many people, yet to no one in particular. "Say" is used monotransitively in the sentence, so one would think that the only possible passive construction would be:
"That the price of oil will rise is said."
This sentence, although grammatically correct, is seldom, if ever, used in English. Another possibility, and by far the most common, is:
"It is said that the price of oil will rise."
There is yet more to passive voice, but I hope this helps.
Miriam