Anonymous  +  632320 Tue, 06 Jan 09 09:55 AM HI. Do we usually (perhaps, always?) use past and present participles (if they are that) in subordinate clauses? Also, is the underlined part a past participle?  Determined to succeed, she enrolled in a college nearby. Anonymous Clauses, Writing

	Cool Breeze  +  632464 Tue, 06 Jan 09 12:44 PM No, particples are used in all kinds of clauses. These are examples of main clauses: I am reading now. He has written a letter. Determined is a past participle in your sentence. CB Cool Breeze Joined on Fri, Apr 7 2006 Senior Member 3,979 "I hope you'll all live to be 150 years old - and the last voice you hear is mine!" Frank Sinatra on stage in Oslo, Norway, 28 September 1991 Clauses, Sentences, Writing

	Mister Micawber  +  632473 Tue, 06 Jan 09 12:49 PM . If they are used alone as non-finite verbs (as in your example), they are always in dependent (non-finite) clauses.  They are also in heavy use as adjectives (a determined effort) and in main and subordinate clauses incorporating verbs in progressive (is determining) and perfect (had determined) aspects. . Mister Micawber Joined on Wed, Aug 4 2004 Yokohama Veteran Member 30,841 'The question is,' said Humpty Dumpty, 'which is to be master-- that's all.' Clauses, Writing, Adjectives

	Avangi  +  632475 Tue, 06 Jan 09 12:52 PM I wouldn't say so.  They are often objects in main clauses, "She tried taking the detour,"  and complements to verbs of being,  "The response was alarming,"   "The car is completely destroyed."  (You may always debate whether this is simply passive voice.) Yes, "determined" is a PP in your sentence.  As far as I'm concerned, a PP is always a PP, except when it's simple past tense, and in that case it never was a PP.  That is, when it's used as an element in forming another tense, It may still be referred to as the PP.  When it's used as an adjective, it may still be referred to as the PP.  Edit.  PP = past participle, in this paragraph. The Present participal, on the other hand, may no longer be referred to as the present participle when it functions as a noun. Avangi Joined on Mon, Nov 19 2007 Veteran Member 8,211 ". . . le plaisir delicieux et toujours nouveau d'une occupation inutile." - Henri de Regnier Nouns, Tenses, Past Tenses, Paragraphs, Clauses, Simple Past, Sentences, Writing, Adjectives, Simple Tenses