In the first set of words you see attempts to replace a simple word
with a fancy word. The problem is that the meaning of the 'fancy word'
is not really the same as the meaning of the word it replaces. For
instance, 'existence' refers to the state of being, not the state of
being alive. In the case of an individual human being, 'existence' may
seem to be largely coterminous with 'life', but to use 'existence' as a
fancy way of saying 'life' ignores the big differences between the two
words. Similarly for the other words in the list. 'Novel' does not
simply mean 'new'; it refers to a quality of being both new and
different. 'Capture' does not simply mean 'take'; it refers to the
taking of something that is difficult to catch. Capturing something
requires some effort, thought, or speed. The same goes for the
remaining words.
The second set of examples involves straightforward grammatical errors:
Ask WHOMEVER you see.
He works faster than I.
I can't imagine it being HE.
No PEOPLE were killed, were they? (perhaps there are other ways of rewriting this).
These KINDS of men are dangerous.
That is SHE at the door now. (This sentence is ridiculous; no one would speak like this).
The data ARE now in.
HTH