I am not sure exactly what you mean. Is the "i.e." an example of your question in which you can't use "when" in forming persent perfect? If it's, you are right. Present perfect tense is used to describe something or event that happened in the past which continued on up to now.
If you are eighteen years old and you say to your friend “ I have studied English since I was twelve years old”, you are telling people that you have studied English for six years and still have by the nature of present perfect tense.
Another example: At 2 pm, someone asked you “ have you seen John” and you say” I haven’t seen John since we came out of the meeting around 9 o’clock this morning, you are basically telling him that since the meeting, you have no knowledge of his whereabouts for at least five hours.
Does it help?