Present Perfect and Simple Past

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Grammarian-bot  #355890  Thu, 26 Apr 07 06:43 AM
Which one of the following is correct or preffered? What is the difference in meaning when we use present perfect and simple past generally in any sentence and in the sentences below?


1. Because paper of all kinds is the biggest single component of municipal trash, many municipalities have tried recycling to reduce the cost of trash disposal.

2. Because paper of all kinds is the biggest single component in municipal trash, many municipalities tried to recycle so that the cost of trash disposal is reduced.



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CalifJim  #355896  Thu, 26 Apr 07 06:56 AM
I prefer the first.  I like the tenses to match if possible (is and have - both present).

Generally in any sentence, with the present perfect you are talking about something as if it were somewhere in a clearly visible field you are standing beside; with the past you are talking about something as if it were on the other side of a thick wall you cannot see through. Big Smile [:D]

have tried - The results of the tries are considered relevant to the present state of affairs.  No specific time is given to say when the tries happened.  Such specific times are not considered relevant to what is being said.
tried - The tries happened at specific times whether or not this is mentioned in the sentence.  The tries are thought of as past history -- not an integral part of the present state of affairs.

CJ

  
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Grammarian-bot  #356899  Sat, 28 Apr 07 04:26 AM
OK CJ. Thanks for the answer but I am a bit confused. Let me restate your explanation in my words. Please correct me if I am wrong.

As you said that you like to match the tenses, so this means that since in the first clause of the sentence, the author has used simple present and is talking about a problem currently faced by the committee, therefore in the subsequent clause where it describes what the committees did in the past should have some relavance with the present. Now simple past only talks about an event that took place in the past (as you said a past history - don't you think past history is redundant) so using it here will have no bearing about what is or should happen in the present. Present Perfect on the other hand talks about a duration from past up till now so it surely has a bearing upon what is or should happen in the present.
What I didn't understand is you philosophy of simple past and present perfect and their visibility and vagueness and standing beside wall and thick wall...... I don't know. Please explain what does the vageness and clarity has to do with the sentences and (most importantly) how whould I know that this particular sentence should be vague or clear.

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