Viceidol, al
l your suggested interpretations in your original post look correct to me.
You cannot use "since + time period" to indicate that something has been going on for that period of time. For example, you cannot say "He has lived there since six years" or "I have been ill since a long time". Analogously, #1 to #4 cannot mean that he has lived there over the time period described. However, "since + event/state of affairs" does mean that something has been going on over that period of time. This is why #5 and #6 mean what they do.
In #3 you mean "he has lived".
Just casting my eye down the list, #12 seems rather unnatural to me. Although I don't see how it can mean anything other than what you suggest, you would not normally say this. Instead, you would say something like "They have been happy since they moved out of London".
(I am assuming throughout that "since" indicates a duration of time, and does not mean "seeing that".)