In English legal terms:
"Realty" (actually used in English legal language, but perhaps not so common as "real property") is essentially land and interests in land, but does not include tenancies, which are personal property - see below.
"Property" means anything that is owned. It is divided into real property and personal property. The terms attached to them derive from the actions associated with them. When it came to land you had a claim for the return of the land - the action was
in rem; for everything else there was no right to claim the thing, only its value - the action was
in personam. When these actions were first instituted a tenancy was not considered land and so not treated as real property; it is still not treated as such in theory although these days you can sue for the return of possession. Personal property is divided into "chattels real" and "chattels pure". Chattels real are tenancies, the word "real" acknowledging that they are an interest in land. Chattels pure are divided into "choses (or things) in being" and "choses (or things) in action" the former being essentialy tangible property and the latter intangible property. "Property" is of course also used, somewhat loosely, to mean land.
"Estate" has a technical meaning in land law that is not easy to explain briefly, or indeed at length. Essentially it is the length of time you hold land. (In this respect it should be noted that under English law no one strictly owns land except the Crown; all you can own is an estate in land.) The term can also mean a large area of land such as a housing development or which belongs to one person. Finally, it can mean the sum of all the property that a person owns.
"Premises" meant (and still means though the term is not often used these days) the explanatory statements set out in a deed. It then came to mean the property transferred by the deed. In non-legal language it means a building and the land immediately surrounding it.