4) [A [larger than normal] pay increase] [was awarded] [to the nurses].
(a)"Larger than normal" is an adjectival phrase:"larger-than-normal".
(b)"Pay increase" is a noun-noun phrase where "pay" works as an adjective.
(c)"Award" is a ditransitive verb : to award IO DO. But like other ditransitive verbs the IO can't stand alone when the sentence is passivized. The IO should be changed into "to IO" in a passive sentence where DO comes as the subject.
S do IO DO (I gave John the book)--> DO is done to IO (by S).(The book was given to John)
5) [The policeman] [was not impressed] [by your alibi].
--> Your alibi did not impress the policeman. The verb "impress" is a transitive verb.
6)
![Idea [I]](/emoticons/emotion-55.gif)
[VP am trying] [DP to light the fire].
I think "to light the fire" is the object of the verb "try"
7) She's very proud of her looks.
"Of her looks" works as the complement of the adjective "proud".
So I feel we could take it as an adverbial phrase modifying "proud".
I believe better comments surely will come from moderators.
paco