Thank you.
In regard to No. 1, the two tenses, what would you say are the semantical ramifications of the tenses in practical English usage?
For example, the present perfect tense and past perfect tense are being used because they ?? have some relevance to the present.
How about the present and past perfect continuous tenses? Can you lay out some tangible clues as to how they are related or currently being related to the contextual situations?
In regard to No.2, I can almost swear that I have heard some English professionals saying that there is an implicit word "to" there and whenever you hear the sentences without it, just remember it is to be included for a sentence to be a correct sentence.