.
A
complete predicate is all of the sentence except for the subject.
An
appositive is '
an expression that has 'the same function and the same relation to other elements in the sentence [as a previous noun], the second expression identifying or supplementing the first. In
Washington, our first president, the phrase
our first president is in apposition with
Washington.'
Absolute (besides being a kind of vodka) probably refers to absolute construction, a phrasal structure somewhat like an appositive, in that it has no grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence
: The day being sunny, we decided to go on a picnic.
A
non-clause (not a term I am familiar with)
appears to be any phrase or nonfinite clause that is not a finite clause. I found these examples on the Web:
Clauses | Non-Clauses |
| . |
| I went home | Going home |
| Because I went home | Alone and depressed |
| She is pretty | Becoming pretty |
| If she skips the appointment | Skipping the appointment |
| The boy hit the ball | Light weight and fluffy |
| While the parents cheered | Cheering parents |
| She laughed | The homework done |
| That he was wrong | On the table |
| Who wore the hat | Absent from class |
| Which we respected | The president of the club |
| Where the boys found the missing glove | One of the most admired members of the class |