Jackson6612“uppose he wrote between the dog and man, then would it mean that the is associated with both dog and man, i.e ...the covenant between (the) dog and (the) man.”
No, I was referring to the placement of "the" before both "dog" and "man"... I am not sure it would be correct to use "the" only before "dog".
Jackson6612“What do you mean by descriptive and restrictive?”
Those are standard grammatical terms. Restrictive – something that restricts the meaning of a noun to a single specified object which otherwise would refer to a multitude or a class of objects. Descriptive – something that only describes an object, but does not specify it.
Descriptive: "This is a white car" – we know the color, and it is only a description.
Restrictive "I am the guy that wrote you that letter" – the subordinate clause here identifies the person, so it is restrictive.