http://www.englishforums.com/English/EslGeneralEnglishGrammar-Questions/Forum12.htmAsk your questions on grammar and get your sentence checked. We answer lots of different types of general English grammar questions here. <font color=red>DO NOT post paragraphs and compositions here. Post them in our <a href="http://www.englishforums.com/English/EssayReportCompositionWriting/Forum9.htm"><b>Essay, Report and Composition Writing Forum</b></a>.</font>enXMOD (Build: 3616.28671)http://www.englishforums.com/English/WhatGrammarRuleGovernsThese-Coonstructions/wcwxd/post.htm#680581Thu, 26 Feb 2009 22:37:15 GMT946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:680581CalifJim0http://www.englishforums.com/English/WhatGrammarRuleGovernsThese-Coonstructions/wcwxd/post.htm#680581http://www.englishforums.com/English/comments12-680581.xmlI&#39;d like to know what grammar rule governs the following underlined words It&#39;s not really a grammar rule. These are participial constructions. They can be paraphrased in various ways. College teachers don&#39;t go to high school, HOPING to enroll students which others have ignored. (This one should not have the comma.) In the game, those kind of enemies make air units attack each other , CREATING chaos among enemy ranks. Alan revealed the tunnel position, which could be seen from one hundred meters away, ENDANGERING the other prisoners. 1) No. These are not relative clauses, which are adjectival. They are closer in function to adverbial clauses. 2) No. The writer was not necessarily avoiding the repetition of a relative...http://www.englishforums.com/English/WhatGrammarRuleGovernsThese-Coonstructions/wcwxd/post.htmThu, 26 Feb 2009 20:08:24 GMT946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:680547jossx1http://www.englishforums.com/English/WhatGrammarRuleGovernsThese-Coonstructions/wcwxd/post.htmhttp://www.englishforums.com/English/comments12-680547.xmlI read these sentences from several websites. I&#39;d like to know what grammar rule governs the following underlined words and how popular they are in modern english usage. A) College teachers don&#39;t go to high school, HOPING to enroll students which others have ignored. B) In the game, those kind of enemies make air units attack each other , CREATING chaos among enemy ranks. c) Alan revealed the tunnel position, which could be seen from one hundred meters away, ENDANGERING the other prisoners. Questions 1) Could each &quot;ing&quot; clause be replaced with a relative clause? 2) In the last sentence, did the writer use a writing style not to repeat a relative clause twice? Thanks in advance :D