By Before and After, Nouns

The referent of which is always dependent on the meaning of the clauses before and after. Commas have nothing to do with it. CJ

Given the structure: he drew compensation from the team until beginning his investigation in March 2006. One possible paraphrase is as you have written it: he drew compensation from the team until the beginning of his investigation in March 2006. But a better paraphrase is: he drew...

Inchoateknowledge wrote: something is in the making is a quite frequently used idiom: if someone is an athlete, star, writer, etc. in the making, they are likely to develop into that thing This young swimmer is an athlete in the making. (Cambridge dic) "an economic catastrophe in the...

No, unfortunately...that's only implicit. There has to be a link between the participle and an explicit subject pronoun (or subject noun). What are the sentences before and after? MrP

1) The "has" is required because it shows that it's a present perfect tense, ie. Jones denied using drugs in the past and at present, is still denying it. It's a repetition and continuation of the verb (denied) from the past to the present. If you say "Jones consistently denied", it implies that...

There must be a comma before only: Public schools, ie state free-of-charge schools in this country, are in crisis. Uncountable nouns, eg bread, money and time, do not have plural forms. Now, "ie" (id est) and "eg" (exampli gratia) may have a dot depending on the English variation. Americans...