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<rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"><channel><title>Search results for 'tag:Commas tag:Logins' matching tags 'Commas' and 'Logins'</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/search/pro.htm?q=tag%3aCommas+tag%3aLogins&amp;tag=Commas,Logins&amp;orTags=0</link><description>Search results for 'tag:Commas tag:Logins' matching tags 'Commas' and 'Logins'</description><dc:language>en-US</dc:language><generator>CSMOD (Build: 3191.21962)</generator><item><title>Re: Proofreading essay</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/ProofreadingEssay/gvvqx/post.htm#522220</link><pubDate>Mon, 02 Jun 2008 23:49:06 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:522220</guid><dc:creator>Mister Micawber</dc:creator><description>.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;I have crossed out inappropriate material and underlined some problem areas.&amp;nbsp; You have trouble with commas and with chatting:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strike&gt;In taking upon my Senior Honors Project I have thrown myself over a ledge with the intention to climb back up. Through this year my drive, enthusiasm, and patience have been tested. However, I believe I am within an armâs reach of the top and, with one final grasp, I shall report my experience&lt;/strike&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;I could not have completed my project without some very important &lt;strike&gt;outside&lt;/strike&gt; resources. One of these resources that greatly aided me was the PHP manual on php.net. This website holds information on all of the &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;built in&lt;/span&gt; PHP functions. On each &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;page users&lt;/span&gt; can post solutions to common problems &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;arisen by&lt;/span&gt; the function dedicated to it or &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;describe&lt;/span&gt; in more detail how to use them. Using this has cut down on development time by giving me answers to almost all of my &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;syntax and function related&lt;/span&gt; questions. If I had trouble remembering the name of a&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt; function I&lt;/span&gt; could simply look it up on the site. Without&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt; this I&lt;/span&gt; would either have to use a guess-and-check &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;type of finding&lt;/span&gt; the solution or type it into a &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;search-engine&lt;/span&gt; and rely on third-party sites. This resource also helped me discover new functions that made my coding easier; I would not have to âreinvent the wheelâ when a &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;built in&lt;/span&gt; function existed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The conversations with my project mentor, Ed Sprenger, have also yielded great knowledge. The insight he has given me &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;on&lt;/span&gt; all my questions was very inform&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;ative and&lt;/span&gt; he has taught me what I would have otherwise never learned through basic research. Our topics of discussion ranged from future jobs, programming languages, and life in the computer science field to internet security and database advice. It has been very helpful to have someone to talk to who is in the computer science field and understands what I am doing. I &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;cannot imagine getting&lt;/span&gt; through this project with someone who didnât know a bit from a byte. Ed Sprenger was a valuable resource in my project and has taught me very well.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of my objectives from the start of the project was to learn how to program in the &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;windows&lt;/span&gt; environment. &lt;strike&gt;I am now confident that I am very knowledgeable in this field.&lt;/strike&gt; Through use of the Windows API (Application Programming Interface) in my pr&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;oject I&lt;/span&gt; have learned all about programming &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;windows&lt;/span&gt; applications. Some of the main topics I &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;delved into&lt;/span&gt; were message controls and message handling. Controls are &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;the things that&lt;/span&gt; make up a dialog box or application window: edit boxes, &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;drop down&lt;/span&gt; boxes, and radio buttons. These, along with message handling, are all it takes to create a functional and effective Windows program. Message handling is a broad subject and was therefore &lt;strike&gt;a&lt;/strike&gt; difficult &lt;strike&gt;subject&lt;/strike&gt; to grasp and implement. Messages are data that &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt; sent to the main application, child dialog boxes, and controls. These messages range from telling the object it has been clicked upon to telling the object to destroy itself. There are many messages that could be potentially &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;sent and&lt;/span&gt; choosing &lt;strike&gt;which&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt; the&lt;/strong&gt; ones to recognize and the handling of them is up to the programmer. Lu&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;ckily the&lt;/span&gt; Windows SDK Documentation outlines all the messages and their data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Windows SDK (Software Development Kit) Documentation and the online documentation at msdn.com &lt;strike&gt;both&lt;/strike&gt; helped me in the application programming aspect of my project. Since the documentation is straight from Microsoft, I can rely on it to tell me everything about the piece of information that I am looking up. It describes itself plainly and clearly and &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;cross references&lt;/span&gt; related &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;data that&lt;/span&gt; has&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt; more than often&lt;/span&gt; helped me grasp the subject beyond a basic understanding.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; Every website needs a directory &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;chain; a&lt;/span&gt; way of organizing the folders that hold the files. I got my idea from a web programming job I held with Chad Furman two summers &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;back&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;strike&gt;I learned a lot from him, holding that job.&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;strike&gt;This directory tree was one thing that I remember&lt;/strike&gt;. I have one main folder that houses all of the main pages of the site. This includes the index page, the login page, and the report card &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;page among&lt;/span&gt; others. &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;From there&lt;/span&gt; I have a picture folder which houses all the pictures and a folder called âincludesâ. This âincludesâ folder contains all of the PHP helper files that process the HTML &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;forms along&lt;/span&gt; with some helper functions. Within lies another folder labeled âcla&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;ssesâ which&lt;/span&gt; contains the PHP classes of the project. Each class has its own &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;file which&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;is included by&lt;/span&gt; the different files in the âincludeâ folder. So an example design would be the report card &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;page including&lt;/span&gt; the report card include file (in the âincludeâ folder). This included file would then include the report card class file (in the âclassesâ folder). The design is not very co&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;mplex but&lt;/span&gt; it does a good job of organizing my files.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;One aspect of the site that I &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;was&lt;/span&gt; very proud of is the system for logging in. What I have set up is an include file that is required by all pages that require &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;access to&lt;/span&gt; user validity or other user functions. This include file holds the user class which contains functions that deal with all aspects&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt; to &lt;/span&gt;the user. Any page containing the file can check for user validity, log the user in, log them out, and access the userâs data. Parents, teachers, and administrators all use the same login page. How&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;ever when&lt;/span&gt; parents&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt; login they&lt;/span&gt; only &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;in need of &lt;/span&gt;a password and not a &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;username&lt;/span&gt;. The database holds all the different types of usersâ data the same way and in the same table. &lt;strike&gt;I was lucky for the logging in system to turn out as good as it did&lt;/strike&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Upon logging in every user has a set of session variables. These variables are used &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;for keeping&lt;/span&gt; track of the &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;user and their&lt;/span&gt; credentials. They will hold their value for as long as the internet browser is open.&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt; So &lt;/span&gt;a &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;user&lt;/span&gt; is logged in, even while surfing other pages, providing &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;they donât&lt;/span&gt; log &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;themselves&lt;/span&gt; out or close out of &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;their &lt;/span&gt;browser. This technique&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt; trumps&lt;/span&gt; using browser cookies for a couple of reasons. The pro of using cookies to save data over multiple sessions &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;does hold&lt;/span&gt; value &lt;strike&gt;in my case&lt;/strike&gt;. No one user will be travelling the website often enough for this feature to be worth the trouble of implementing it. Session variables are fine for what I am setting out to do.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;There are three basic sections that the end user has access to on the website. They are all accessed through the control panel, and depending on which type of user is requesting that &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;page depends on&lt;/span&gt; the control panel they see. The control panel checks the session âaccessâ variable, and depending on the value, displays the appropriate options to be linked on the control panel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The most common type of user is the &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;parent.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Their&lt;/span&gt; control panel consists of one item; a link to see &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;their&lt;/span&gt; childâs report card. Clicking this takes&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt; them&lt;/span&gt; to a table showing &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;their&lt;/span&gt; report card. Each entry contains the class, the teacher, and the grade. For a class descr&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;iption they&lt;/span&gt; can simply click on the class name and a pop-up window will &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;open containing&lt;/span&gt; the text. The only other option the parent has is to logout, which is on all the usersâ control panels.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The next type of user is the &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;teacher. They&lt;/span&gt; have considerable more options than the parent, as &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;they &lt;/span&gt;should. The first thing to be noted is the teacher panel. This page is where the teachers may access and edit the enrollment and grades of their class. They may add and remove students from their class and add, edit, and delete the grades of their students. This is where &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;the teacher&lt;/span&gt; will be spending most of &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;their&lt;/span&gt; time. The next thing &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;a teacher&lt;/span&gt; may do is view report cards. &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;They&lt;/span&gt; can see any childâs report card that is in &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;their&lt;/span&gt; class. Ho&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;wever the&lt;/span&gt; only grades that will be listed are the ones from classes that the viewing teacher teaches. So an English teacher will not be able to see the grade a student gets in a &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Math&lt;/span&gt; class. The last thing on the teacher control panel is the class stats page. This page contains a list of all the grades in the class and the class mean, class median, and class range.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The last type of user is the &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;administrator. They&lt;/span&gt; have access to everything. Right from the control panel they can go into the admin &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;panel which&lt;/span&gt; lets them edit almost everything on the site. On this admin panel page there are the cat&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;egories: &lt;/span&gt;Student, Parent, Teacher, &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Admin&lt;/span&gt;, Class, Enrollment, and Grade. Under each of these are the opt&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;ions: &lt;/span&gt;Add, Delete, and Edit. So under each of the categories they can add to them (e.g. adding a student), delete them (e.g. deleting a grade), and edit them (e.g. changing a classâs description). With &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;this they&lt;/span&gt; can &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;start from scratch&lt;/span&gt; and create a whole grading &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;system complete&lt;/span&gt; with classes, teachers, students, and grades. Along with this &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;power&lt;/span&gt;, the administrator can see all studentsâ report &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;cards complete&lt;/span&gt; with all classes and see all classesâ stats pages. The administrator is the person who must set everything up &lt;strike&gt;once&lt;/strike&gt;, and after &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;this the&lt;/span&gt; teachers and parents may use the site&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt; to the max&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;On every one of the pages that displays personal &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;data there&lt;/span&gt; is a security check &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;on each page refresh&lt;/span&gt;. This is done to prevent users from seeing what they shouldnât be seeing. This feature works by taking the user id session variable and/or the student id pertaining to that user and checks them against their respective &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;get&lt;/span&gt; variables. Without this security, a user could log in and then see other usersâ data. For example, a parent could log in and direct their browser to the report card page. Naturally, their childâs report card will show up. However if they change the user id âgetâ variable and refresh the page they will see another childâs grades. This is where my protection kicks in, preventing this and giving the user an &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;error&lt;/span&gt; explaining that they donât have access to the page they are trying to view.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;With the database designed as it is, deleting data has become a little complicated. For example, when you delete a class, all the grades are still in the &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;database despite&lt;/span&gt; the fact that they have no class associated with them. &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Also when&lt;/span&gt; a &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;student&lt;/span&gt; is &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;removed their&lt;/span&gt; grades stay behind &lt;strike&gt;to rot&lt;/strike&gt;. I have fixed this by allowing the administrator (the only one doing any deleting affected by this) the option to delete all &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;associative&lt;/span&gt; data relating to the entry being deleted. &lt;strike&gt;So now&lt;/strike&gt; (assuming the user chooses the option) when &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;a student is deleted their &lt;/span&gt;grades and &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;their&lt;/span&gt; parent user are also deleted. Also when a class is &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;deleted all&lt;/span&gt; the grades go along with it. This prevents old and needless data from piling up in the database and causing confusion &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;among&lt;/span&gt; the users.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Upon completion of my senior honors &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;project I &lt;/span&gt;am confident with my skills and am ready to go out into the world in search of a computer science career. &lt;strike&gt;Spending a lot of my free time in front of my computer and programming has put me through the ringer, and I liked it.&lt;/strike&gt; Before I started, I had no experience working on an organized project with a &lt;strike&gt;pre-existing&lt;/strike&gt; goal. &lt;strike&gt;Before, I have just worked on small projects that have not gone anywhere.&lt;/strike&gt; Now that I am done programming, I can see the product that I have made. I can see that it has been completed with success. I have taken my ideas and integrated them efficiently and successfully. I have learned a great deal this year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Suggestions for Improving Grammar on Site</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/SuggestionsImprovingGrammarSite/zlcxg/post.htm</link><pubDate>Mon, 04 Feb 2008 14:47:48 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:472470</guid><dc:creator>Grammarfixerupper</dc:creator><description>&lt;P&gt;Hello:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I am new to the site (was led here by a search engine) and&amp;nbsp;am&amp;nbsp;surprised to see a number of grammatical errors in and around the site in general.&amp;nbsp; I haven't looked everywhere, but below you will find a list of the ones that I noticed right off the bat:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;The site mistakenly uses, in many&amp;nbsp;places (including the welcome e-mail),&amp;nbsp;"login" and "logout"&amp;nbsp;as verbs; however, the verb is two words: "log in" or "log out."&amp;nbsp; The noun/adjective can be one word, but never can the verb.&amp;nbsp; In other words, it would be correct to say that "I log in at the login page."&amp;nbsp; Many sites are guilty of this offense, including those of major corporations.&amp;nbsp; The real test is to put the verb in the past tense.&amp;nbsp; You wouldn't say that "She loginned yesterday" (one word).&amp;nbsp; Rather, you would say that "She logged in yesterday" (two words).&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Other&amp;nbsp;common misuses (though not necessarily seen on this&amp;nbsp;site)&amp;nbsp;include pickup, checkout,&amp;nbsp;and rollover.&amp;nbsp; 
&lt;LI&gt;The paragraph on the main page needs some commas (which I've added between asterisks):&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;
&lt;P&gt;According to &lt;a href="http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?&amp;amp;range=2y&amp;amp;size=large&amp;amp;compare_sites=&amp;amp;y=r&amp;amp;url=www.englishforums.com" target="_blank" title="http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?&amp;amp;range=2y&amp;amp;size=large&amp;amp;compare_sites=&amp;amp;y=r&amp;amp;url=www.englishforums.com"&gt;&lt;FONT color=#246398&gt;Alexa&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, weâre now the worldâs busiest EFL forum*,* with up to 30,000 visits each day - 'Kudos' to our amazing team! &lt;BR&gt;Due to massive demand*,* &lt;a href="http://www.thechatpage.com/" target="_blank" title="http://www.thechatpage.com/"&gt;&lt;FONT color=#246398&gt;LIVE chat&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is here. Please read the &lt;a href="/English/GeneralGuidelinesTermsConditions/khz/Post.htm" target="_blank" title="/English/GeneralGuidelinesTermsConditions/khz/Post.htm"&gt;&lt;FONT color=#246398&gt;guidelines, terms and conditions&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/a&gt; before posting. &lt;B&gt;PLEASE DO NOT POST PERSONAL CONTACT ADDRESSES&lt;/B&gt;. &lt;a href="/user/CreateUser.aspx?ReturnUrl=/Default.aspx" target="_blank" title="/user/CreateUser.aspx?ReturnUrl=/Default.aspx"&gt;&lt;FONT color=#246398&gt;Register here&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/a&gt;; we will &lt;STRONG&gt;never send you spam&lt;/STRONG&gt;!&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;Finally, there is a little phrase at the top right-hand corner when one is logged in.&amp;nbsp; It says, "Welcome back XYZ" (where XYZ is the username).&amp;nbsp; Because someone is being addressed in this phrase, there should be a comma after "back."&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Thank you for your attention, and keep up the great work!&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Warm regards,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Andy&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: Can someone please correct my text...formal british english please</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/SomeoneCorrectTextFormalBritish-English/zkvdb/post.htm#467943</link><pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2008 14:14:05 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:467943</guid><dc:creator>Feebs11</dc:creator><description>&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Bluerose24 wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Very well Sam.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;From what I gathered,I now believe that you have been living a double life like&amp;nbsp;Carl said,but I also&amp;nbsp;learned that you have done it in order to get your divorce faster.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;You have to take every bloody demand your wife is asking from yo&lt;b&gt;u,y&lt;/b&gt;ou are trying to make her happy,not to argue with her.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The problem here is that you have opened a door for Car&lt;b&gt;l,e&lt;/b&gt;verytime you lie to Amy,you are giving&amp;nbsp;Carl ammunitio&lt;b&gt;n,t&lt;/b&gt;his is what he wants,to &lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#ff0000"&gt;caught&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; you red handed,to make you look bad.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;You must be intelligen&lt;b&gt;t,I &lt;/b&gt;understand if you want to keep Amy away from the nasty details,but she is an adult,not a child,and everytime she discovers that you have been lying to her,she is hur&lt;b&gt;t,s&lt;/b&gt;he already distrusted you before this happened.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;You denying it only make things &lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#ff0000"&gt;worst&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I heard 6 hours of tape,bloody boring,but revealin&lt;b&gt;g,w&lt;/b&gt;hat I don`t understand is why you let your wife belittle you,&lt;font color="#ff1493"&gt;&lt;b&gt;why eat so much [*******].&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt; [I presume that you intended to say this? Otherwise the sentence does not make much sense.]&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;We are in the same boat her&lt;b&gt;e,w&lt;/b&gt;e both want Amy to be happ&lt;b&gt;y,y&lt;/b&gt;ou are not a bad man&lt;b&gt;,y&lt;/b&gt;our problem is that you keep too many secrets,and you go out of your way &lt;font color="#ff0000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;telling &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;her lies,like that breakfast.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I want Amy so muc&lt;b&gt;h,I&lt;/b&gt; truly believe that we &lt;font color="#ff0000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;can make very happy each other&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;,if I could only make her fall in love with me...What`s not to like about me...I am single,sucessful,handsome,young,healthy,don`t do drugs or smoke...my family would love her...but love is blind,and today I started to understand the sacrifice that you are making for her.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I will continue to support he&lt;b&gt;r,I &lt;/b&gt;love being able to make her smile...meantime..you do what you have to do.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Steve&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr align="left"&gt;
This is an anonymous account, please login if you wish to post replies.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;You seem to have forgotten what a full stop is, and your space bar has seized up after the commas. I have bolded all those which require a change. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The red highlights indicate you should look carefully at what you have written - theer are errors.&lt;br&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: adjective or adverbial</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/AdjectiveOrAdverbial/3/dpjcw/Post.htm#326901</link><pubDate>Fri, 09 Feb 2007 14:48:23 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:326901</guid><dc:creator>Pioussoul</dc:creator><description>&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Anonymous wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Pioussoul wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Kilimanjaro wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Pioussoul wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Anonymous wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;His family, who had gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;A) His family, having gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;1. I don't think we can&amp;nbsp; reduce Non-defining relative clauses. In speech yes, It does not matter because&amp;nbsp;of a whiz-deletion.But in Written English Non-defining relative pronouns (with comma on both sides), cannot be reduced. Only definings are reducable.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2. Can the Past Participle (Having done) post modify a noun? No I don't think so!&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I'll be more than pleased if you prove me if I am wrong.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hi, Anonymous, I don't see any problems with the lines in green. Here are more&amp;nbsp;illustrations from a grammar book for your reference:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;1. Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;2. The mouse, seeing the cat, ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;3. The mouse ran off, seeing the cat.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;The above are rather strictly written&amp;nbsp;English sentences for me; I wonder if they sound the same to you. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;Btw, would you please login so that we may greet you correctly.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hello Pioussoul,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;Your sentences are not "reduced relative clause" they are "adverbial clause&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;". The "Participles" don't define any preceding noun.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;So, you're the anonymous, kilimanjaro, right?&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;First, my sentences are indeed "&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;reduced from a relative clause&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;", here is my reason. Sentence 2 derives from 2a:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2a. The mouse, &lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;which saw the cat&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;, ran off.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Now, do you agree that the words highlighted in blue is a non-restrictive relative clause, which is used as an adjective postmodying the mouse?&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Second, maybe you were not aware of the fact that a participial construction can serve both&amp;nbsp;as&amp;nbsp;an adjective and an adverb. Please refer to your grammar books on the participial construction, and after that, it's possible that we&amp;nbsp;may go on our discussion.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hello Pioussoul,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;"&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;What is the difference between a reduced relatice clause" and "participial construction".&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt; I'm still thumbing through the pages and couln't yet find a section where it says "Participles" are "reduced relative clauses"&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;[pioussoul]:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;&lt;EM&gt;Well, because you're pressed for time, I'd explain it concisely--a participial construction is actually reduced from a few different clauses,&amp;nbsp;inclusive of&amp;nbsp;an adjectival relative clause. &lt;STRONG&gt;There is no such term as a reduced relative clause&lt;/STRONG&gt;.&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Can you tell me which option is the restatement of the following sentence in bold.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;The British Ambassador to Paris, making his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;1-The British Ambassador to Paris, who made his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2-The British Ambassador to Paris,&amp;nbsp;after making&amp;nbsp;his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;3-The British Ambassador to Paris,&amp;nbsp;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;EM&gt;having&amp;nbsp;made/making&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt; his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;All of them are all possible. Because you're in a hurry, I'll post this right now. Talk to you later.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: adjective or adverbial</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/AdjectiveOrAdverbial/3/dpjbh/Post.htm#326883</link><pubDate>Fri, 09 Feb 2007 14:08:22 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:326883</guid><dc:creator>Pioussoul</dc:creator><description>&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Anonymous wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Pioussoul wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Kilimanjaro wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Pioussoul wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Anonymous wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;His family, who had gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;A) His family, having gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;1. I don't think we can&amp;nbsp; reduce Non-defining relative clauses. In speech yes, It does not matter because&amp;nbsp;of a whiz-deletion.But in Written English Non-defining relative pronouns (with comma on both sides), cannot be reduced. Only definings are reducable.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2. Can the Past Participle (Having done) post modify a noun? No I don't think so!&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I'll be more than pleased if you prove me if I am wrong.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hi, Anonymous, I don't see any problems with the lines in green. Here are more&amp;nbsp;illustrations from a grammar book for your reference:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;1. Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;2. The mouse, seeing the cat, ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;3. The mouse ran off, seeing the cat.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;The above are rather strictly written&amp;nbsp;English sentences for me; I wonder if they sound the same to you. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;Btw, would you please login so that we may greet you correctly.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hello Pioussoul,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;Your sentences are not "reduced relative clause" they are "adverbial clause&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;". The "Participles" don't define any preceding noun.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;So, you're the anonymous, kilimanjaro, right?&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;First, my sentences are indeed "&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;reduced from a relative clause&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;", here is my reason. Sentence 2 derives from 2a:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2a. The mouse, &lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;which saw the cat&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;, ran off.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Now, do you agree that the words highlighted in blue is a non-restrictive relative clause, which is used as an adjective postmodying the mouse?&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Second, maybe you were not aware of the fact that a participial construction can serve both&amp;nbsp;as&amp;nbsp;an adjective and an adverb. Please refer to your grammar books on the participial construction, and after that, it's possible that we&amp;nbsp;may go on our discussion.&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;Hello Pioussoul,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;"What is the difference between a reduced relatice clause" and "participial construction". I'm still thumbing through the pages and couln't yet find a section where it says "Participles" are "reduced relative clauses"&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Can you tell me which option is the restatement of the following sentence in bold.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;The British Ambassador to Paris, making his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;1-The British Ambassador to Paris, who made his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2-The British Ambassador to Paris,&amp;nbsp;after making&amp;nbsp;his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;3-The British Ambassador to Paris,&amp;nbsp;having&amp;nbsp;made his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hi, anonymous, I'm glad to answer your question, but I'm not used to talking to someone without a name. By the way, do you have an alias?&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: adjective or adverbial</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/AdjectiveOrAdverbial/3/dpwpw/Post.htm#326833</link><pubDate>Fri, 09 Feb 2007 12:50:24 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:326833</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Pioussoul wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Kilimanjaro wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Pioussoul wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Anonymous wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;His family, who had gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;A) His family, having gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;1. I don't think we can&amp;nbsp; reduce Non-defining relative clauses. In speech yes, It does not matter because&amp;nbsp;of a whiz-deletion.But in Written English Non-defining relative pronouns (with comma on both sides), cannot be reduced. Only definings are reducable.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2. Can the Past Participle (Having done) post modify a noun? No I don't think so!&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I'll be more than pleased if you prove me if I am wrong.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hi, Anonymous, I don't see any problems with the lines in green. Here are more&amp;nbsp;illustrations from a grammar book for your reference:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;1. Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;2. The mouse, seeing the cat, ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;3. The mouse ran off, seeing the cat.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;The above are rather strictly written&amp;nbsp;English sentences for me; I wonder if they sound the same to you. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;Btw, would you please login so that we may greet you correctly.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hello Pioussoul,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;Your sentences are not "reduced relative clause" they are "adverbial clause&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;". The "Participles" don't define any preceding noun.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;So, you're the anonymous, kilimanjaro, right?&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;First, my sentences are indeed "&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;reduced from a relative clause&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;", here is my reason. Sentence 2 derives from 2a:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2a. The mouse, &lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;which saw the cat&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;, ran off.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Now, do you agree that the words highlighted in blue is a non-restrictive relative clause, which is used as an adjective postmodying the mouse?&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Second, maybe you were not aware of the fact that a participial construction can serve both&amp;nbsp;as&amp;nbsp;an adjective and an adverb. Please refer to your grammar books on the participial construction, and after that, it's possible that we&amp;nbsp;may go on our discussion.&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;Hello Pioussoul,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;"What is the difference between a reduced relatice clause" and "participial construction". I'm still thumbing through the pages and couln't yet find a section where it says "Participles" are "reduced relative clauses"&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Can you tell me which option is the restatement of the following sentence in bold.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;The British Ambassador to Paris, making his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;1-The British Ambassador to Paris, who made his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2-The British Ambassador to Paris,&amp;nbsp;after making&amp;nbsp;his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;3-The British Ambassador to Paris,&amp;nbsp;having&amp;nbsp;made his first public speech as ambassador yesterday, said that the destines of France and Britain were indissolubly linked.&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: adjective or adverbial</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/AdjectiveOrAdverbial/2/dpwxv/Post.htm#326812</link><pubDate>Fri, 09 Feb 2007 12:17:08 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:326812</guid><dc:creator>Pioussoul</dc:creator><description>&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Kilimanjaro wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Pioussoul wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Anonymous wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;His family, who had gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;A) His family, having gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;1. I don't think we can&amp;nbsp; reduce Non-defining relative clauses. In speech yes, It does not matter because&amp;nbsp;of a whiz-deletion.But in Written English Non-defining relative pronouns (with comma on both sides), cannot be reduced. Only definings are reducable.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2. Can the Past Participle (Having done) post modify a noun? No I don't think so!&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I'll be more than pleased if you prove me if I am wrong.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hi, Anonymous, I don't see any problems with the lines in green. Here are more&amp;nbsp;illustrations from a grammar book for your reference:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;1. Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;2. The mouse, seeing the cat, ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;3. The mouse ran off, seeing the cat.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;The above are rather strictly written&amp;nbsp;English sentences for me; I wonder if they sound the same to you. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;Btw, would you please login so that we may greet you correctly.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hello Pioussoul,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;Your sentences are not "reduced relative clause" they are "adverbial clause&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;". The "Participles" don't define any preceding noun.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;So, you're the anonymous, kilimanjaro, right?&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;First, my sentences are indeed "&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;reduced from a relative clause&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;", here is my reason. Sentence 2 derives from 2a:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2a. The mouse, &lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;which saw the cat&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;, ran off.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Now, do you agree that the words highlighted in blue is a non-restrictive relative clause, which is used as an adjective postmodying the mouse?&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Second, maybe you were not aware of the fact that a participial construction can serve both&amp;nbsp;as&amp;nbsp;an adjective and an adverb. Please refer to your grammar books on the participial construction, and after that, it's possible that we&amp;nbsp;may go on our discussion.&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: adjective or adverbial</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/AdjectiveOrAdverbial/2/dpwnv/Post.htm#326795</link><pubDate>Fri, 09 Feb 2007 11:53:06 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:326795</guid><dc:creator>Kilimanjaro</dc:creator><description>&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Pioussoul wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Anonymous wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;His family, who had gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;A) His family, having gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;1. I don't think we can&amp;nbsp; reduce Non-defining relative clauses. In speech yes, It does not matter because&amp;nbsp;of a whiz-deletion.But in Written English Non-defining relative pronouns (with comma on both sides), cannot be reduced. Only definings are reducable.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2. Can the Past Participle (Having done) post modify a noun? No I don't think so!&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I'll be more than pleased if you prove me if I am wrong.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hi, Anonymous, I don't see any problems with the lines in green. Here are more&amp;nbsp;illustrations from a grammar book for your reference:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;1. Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;2. The mouse, seeing the cat, ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;3. The mouse ran off, seeing the cat.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;The above are rather strictly written&amp;nbsp;English sentences for me; I wonder if they sound the same to you. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;Btw, would you please login so that we may greet you correctly.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;Hello Pioussoul,&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;Your sentences are not "reduced relative clause" they are "adverbial clause". The "Participles" don't define any preceding noun.&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: adjective or adverbial</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/AdjectiveOrAdverbial/2/dpwnc/Post.htm#326793</link><pubDate>Fri, 09 Feb 2007 11:45:04 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:326793</guid><dc:creator>Pioussoul</dc:creator><description>&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;table width="85%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="txt4"&gt;&lt;img src="/Themes/default/images/icon-quote.gif"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Anonymous wrote:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="quoteTable"&gt;&lt;table width="100%"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="100%" valign="top" class="txt4"&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;His family, who had gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;A) His family, having gone to Egypt last summer, decided to go to Spain this summer.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;1. I don't think we can&amp;nbsp; reduce Non-defining relative clauses. In speech yes, It does not matter because&amp;nbsp;of a whiz-deletion.But in Written English Non-defining relative pronouns (with comma on both sides), cannot be reduced. Only definings are reducable.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2. Can the Past Participle (Having done) post modify a noun? No I don't think so!&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I'll be more than pleased if you prove me if I am wrong.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hi, Anonymous, I don't see any problems with the lines in green. Here are more&amp;nbsp;illustrations from a grammar book for your reference:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;1. Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;2. The mouse, seeing the cat, ran off.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;3. The mouse ran off, seeing the cat.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;The above are rather strictly written&amp;nbsp;English sentences for me; I wonder if they sound the same to you. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#008000&gt;Btw, would you please login so that we may greet you correctly.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: recommendation letter and a proof of someone's enrolment</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/RecommendationLetterProofSomeones-Enrolment/bndcj/post.htm#148300</link><pubDate>Sun, 16 Oct 2005 05:18:28 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:148300</guid><dc:creator>yuuki</dc:creator><description>Sorry! I forgot to login when I worte the last message...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dear nona the brit,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thank you so much for your reply and the advice.&lt;br /&gt;Those things like commas and the difference between 'faithfully' and 'sincerely' , which I never knew are quite important in formal writing, I think.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I compared my letter and yours, and made me learn a great deal. I will try to write a better letter in the future!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thank you again.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yours sincerely,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yuuki&lt;br /&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>