By Commas

Re: comma puncuation help..

You can put one after 1987, but it's not required. You do, however, have some strange capitalization going on.

Re: Please explain

Ah yes, sorry, it's a style issue. This comma is known as the 'Oxford' comma. Some people do it and some people don't. It is useful when the last two items of a list could be mistakenly linked together.

Re: serial comma usage

.Given the grammar, the author means:...we are seeing violent extremist types of ( 1 ) alienation, ( 2) narcissism, and ( 3 ) fundamentalist religious, national, ethnic gender-related phobias which, near and far, have tightened the ring of ( 1 ) dialogue, ( 2 ) tolerance, and ( 3 ) coexistence in...

Re: conjunctive adverb

Hi, Hi again, Thank you again, Clive. My thanks also go to GG. You said this: Or perhaps you could use such a word/phrase to start an independent sentence, and see if it sounds OK. What I am troubled by is the use of word 'independent'. I feel if left alone 'I flunked the test...

Re: sentences 3

1. Yes. I think "the" should be capitalized in "The Continental" (sp). I think, a comma after "weather." 2. Technically, no, but no one will know what you're talking about. We'd probably say, "a long bus trip" or "a long trip by...

Re: conjunctive adverb

Thank you again, Clive. My thanks also go to GG. You said this: Or perhaps you could use such a word/phrase to start an independent sentence, and see if it sounds OK. What I am troubled by is the use of word 'independent'. I feel if left alone 'I flunked the test before' would...

Re: tenses

Fine - apart from the comma in b, which should be: 'I'm so glad! What a relief. The design of the control system has been troubling me, and sometimes when I look at the equations I wonder why the second variable is a function of y2.'

serial comma usage

In today's globalized world, we are seeing violent extremist types of alienation, narcissism, and fundamentalist religious, national, ethnic gender-related phobias which, near and far, have tightened the ring of dialogue, tolerance, and coexistence in the world. These alienations, phobias,...

Re: On the use of "by" and on the use of commas

.1-- No, I don't see that by is necessary.2-- Style guides can vary somewhat, but according to mine, namely, that is, for example, i.e. and e.g. are all followed by a comma and preceded by some kind of punctuation (comma, semicolon, parenthesis, etc.) depending on the sentence structure.

On the use of "by" and on the use of commas

Dear All,while reading the proof of a manuscript, I noticed that the journal proofreader made a few changes I do not really understand. Therefore I would be grateful if you could enlighten me on the following: 1) By using the hypotheses of this theorem, we will prove that... Is "by"...