http://www.englishforums.com/search/pro.htm?q=tag%3aHistory+of+English+tag%3aDatesSearch results for 'tag:History of English tag:Dates' matching tags 'History of English' and 'Dates'en-USCSMOD (Build: 3273.32735)http://www.englishforums.com/English/AWordIAmUnsureAbout/hbvqc/post.htm#590990Sat, 22 Nov 2008 21:57:12 GMT946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:590990cliveHi Thomas A belated welcome to the Forum You mentioned that There is a football club of a sort in Liverpool I take it you re not a fan of them then Liverpool Football Club are an English professional association football club based in Liverpool England Liverpool play in the Premier League and are the most successful club in the history of English football having won more trophies than any other English club They have won a record 18 First Division titles and seven FA Cups Liverpool have won five European Cups which is an English record They have also won the League Cup a record seven times I donn t know how up to date this information is I copied it from http en wikipedia org wiki Liverpool_F C Best wishes Clivehttp://www.englishforums.com/English/CouldCheckLetterApplication/vchxc/post.htmSun, 01 Apr 2007 22:22:06 GMT946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:346173anonymousQuestion A tourist company which organises coach tours of your home town has placed the following advertisement in your local newspaper TOUR GUIDES REQUIRED Are you an outgoing and sociable person who has a good command of English and some knowledge of local history If so then we would like to hear from you Take a Tour is setting up a branch in your area and we are looking for tour guides to accompany up to fifty passengers a time on our coach tours Your duties will include welcoming passengers aboard the coach giving a commentary about the local sights and taking small groups around the town on foot If this sounds like the job for you please send a letter telling us why Interviews will be held next month Write the letter of application Dear Sir Madam I am writing to apply for the position of a tour guide as advertised in our local newspaper As outlined in my curriculum vitae which I have enclosed I attended Novogrudok Seconadary School where I completed my A level studies In 2000 I graduated from the University of Foreign Languages in Minsk Belarus with a BSc in the History of English and Pedagogics After graduation I moved to Warsaw where I decided to develop my interest in English teaching through a master s degree Since at Warsaw University it is an absolute necessity for a would be teacher to specialize in two subjects I expressed a preference to continue studying English and World History So at present I am a holder of MA in English Furthermore I have recently obtained a grade A in the Cambridge Advanced English Examination I am currently employed as a teacher of English and History at Warsaw High School where I have been noted for my good organizational and communication skills Since I know some valuable psychological methods of influencing people I have never faced any problems of misbehaviour or disorganisaton On the contrary my students look up on me and never give me a reason for disappointment Due to the fact that I am an active and energetic person I have organized a short tour around Warsaw which gave me an opportunity to learn more about the main places of interest and obtain a valuable insight into Polish culture I believe I am an ideal candidate for the position you have outlined as my profession includes an extensive communication with children and adults Besides my wide historical knowledge cannot go unnoticed So beyond all question all tourists will be captivated by whatever historical facts I will be telling them I enclose my curriculum vitae and I would be happy to supply you with further details should be required I thank you for considering my application and I will be available for an interview at any time Yours faithfully Victoria Komorowskaya 332 words http://www.englishforums.com/English/Dangling/5/mblr/Post.htm#59432Sun, 05 Dec 2004 09:08:54 GMT946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:59432paco2004Hello MrP History of English Gerunds quoted from OED The most notable development of the verbal nouns in form of ing is its use as a gerund i e a substantive with certain verbal functions particularly those of being qualified by an adverb instead of an adjective and of governing an object like a verb e g the habit of speaking loosely loose speaking he has hopes of coming back speedily a speedy return he practises writing the writing of leading articles engaged in building himself a house the building of a house for himself after having written a letter the completion of the writing of a letter This gerundial use is peculiar to English of which it is a characteristic and most important feature it was unknown to OE and early ME The first traces of it as yet pointed out see R Blume Ursprung und Entwickelung des Gerundiums im Englischen Bremen 1880 occur c1340 in the Ayenbite of Inwit and in the writings of Richard Rolle of Hampole in the separation of the adverbial particles in down coming down falling in going etc and the placing of it after the verbal nouns coming down falling down going in as in the finite verb come down fall down go in This was soon extended to adverbs and adverbial phrases generally so that it became established that any verbal noun could like the verb to which it belonged take an adverbial qualification In other respects the verbal noun at first retained its noun construction e g c1350 Hampole Prose Tr E E T S 11 all manere of withd raweynge of oþer men thynges wrang wysely agaynes þaire wyll þat aghte it A generation later the verbal noun is found with a verbal regimen thus 1377 Langland P Pl B xiv 186 Confessioun and knowlechyng and crauyng þy mercy shulde amende vs Ibid xix 72 with outen mercy askynge This gerundial construction is very frequent in Wyclif s Bible 1382 and it is significant that he regularly uses it in translating the Latin gerund while he retains the original substantival construction in rendering a Latin noun of action Thus Exod xix 1 the thridde moneth of the goyng of Yrael out egressionis of the loond of Egipte but Heb xii 10 in receyuynge recipiendo the halowing of him Mark iii 15 power of heelynge curandi siknessis and of castynge out ejiciendi fendis Imitation of the Latin gerund was thus apparently an influential factor in the development of the English gerundial use of the verbal nouns Another influence may have been the literal rendering of the French gerund identical in form with the present participle after as in Latin in coming The full development of the gerundial use before 1400 led necessarily to an indefinite increase of verbal nouns in ing since every verb now had one as an actual or potential dependent In conjunction with the formal identity of gerund and present participle it led also at a later date to the introduction of gerundial expressions for the perfect and future tenses and for the passive voice coinciding in form with the participles of the same tenses and voices Thus Sidney Arcadia i 1725 68 want of consideration in not having demanded thus much Spenser F Q iii iv 50 feare of being fowly shent Hooker Eccl Pol i xi 2 by being unto God united Shakespeare Two Gentlemen i iii 16 in hauing knowne no trauaile in his youth Tempest iii i 19 T will weepe for hauing wearied you Mod The news of his being about to return home instead of having been slain by the enemy But although the gerundial use was fully established by 1400 it was a long time before it was distinctly separated from the earlier substantival use The verbal noun has the or equivalent before it and of or equivalent after it the gerund has neither A good example of the two constructions side by side and with identical sense occurs in Bacon s third Essay Concerning the meanes of procuring unity men must beware that in the procuring of religious unity they doe not etc But down to the 17th c mixed constructions were frequent in which the word in ing had an adjectival qualification with a verbal regimen or conversely an adverbial qualification with the construction of a noun followed by of thus Sidney Arcadia i iv 15b to fall to a sodain straitning them Ibid i xii 56b by the well choosing of your commandements The gerund still retains one feature of the verbal noun viz that of admitting of a preceding possessive case or possessive pronoun as in after John s behaving so strangely upon my readily granting it In the literary language this construction is regularly retained with a pronoun and very generally with a single personal substantive but with names of things and phraseological or involved denominations the sign of the possessive began to be dropped already by 1600 thus Shakespeare Macbeth i iii 44 By each at once her choppie finger laying vpon her skinnie lips No other treatment is now possible in such constructions as in default of one or other being accepted on the general and his staff appearing in the event of your expectations not being at once realized in consequence of much snow having fallen and in current spoken English the s is commonly omitted with all nouns thus Thackeray Van Fair xi 348 I insist upon Miss Sharp appearing where Miss Sharp s would now sound pedantic or archaic Even a pronoun standing before the gerund is put in the objective in dialect speech and when the pronoun is emphatic this is common in ordinary colloquial English thus Thackeray Esmond I 242 Papa did not care about them learning Newcomes But who ever heard of them eating an owl Chas Reade Hard Cash 1863 II 332 That is no excuse for him beating you So What is the use of me speaking In such constructions the objective noun or pronoun seems to stand in simple apposition to the gerund the two forming a kind of combined object of the preposition reminding us of the Greek infinitive with an accusative after a preposition as in µeta t pa ada a t a after John being delivered up But in English there has probably been analogical influence from the construction of the present participle cf for instance John was digging potatoes Who saw John digging potatoes and Who ever heard of John John s digging potatoes paco