Search results for 'tag:Literature tag:Resume' matching tags 'Literature' and 'Resume'

Re: Aviation English Teachers required in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

Anonymous — Wed, 03 Sep 2008 06:02:51 GMT

RESUME OF

FARIDA EASMIN JEALIAN

B.A (Honors), M.A (English)

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH

A lady, who has completed M.A. with Honors in English, is keen to find a position as a teacher in an English medium School. Smart, Energetic, Reliable, Trustworthy, Meticulous and able to teach on own initiative or as part of a team.

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS:

Exam.	Examination Year	Dept.	University/Board	Result
M.A. (English)	2008	English	Chittagong University, Bangladesh.	Appeared
B.A. (Honors)	2007	English	Chittagong University, Bangladesh.	3.05 in the Scale of 4
H.S.C.	1999	Science	Chittagong Board, Bangladesh.	2nd Division
S.S.C.	1997	Science	Chittagong Board, Bangladesh.	1st Division

EXPERIENCE:

Iâm teaching in Mastermind International School, a reputed English medium School of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Subjects: Up to O-Level (English Literature and Language)

Up to class eight (English, Maths & Science)

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE:

Ã MS Word

Ã MS Excel

PERSONAL DETAILS:

FULL NAME : FARIDA EASMIN JEALIAN

NICK NAME : JEALIAN

HUSBANDâS NAME : ENGR. MD.ZABUL HOSSEN

SEX : Female

DATE OF BIRTH : 1^st Janury, 1982.

PLACE OF BIRTH : Coxâs Bazar, Bangladesh.

RELIGION : Islam.

NATIONALITY : Bangladeshi

PRESENT ADDRESS : 122, Marium Mansion (3^rd floor)

Road # 2, Suganda,

Panchlaish, Chittagong, BANGLADESH.

PERMANENT ADDRESS : Vill.- Raipur, P.O.- Chunnapara,

P.S.- Anwara, Dist.- Chittagong,

Bangladesh.

MARITAL STATUS : Married.

FUTURE PLAN : To be established as a self-dependent professional.

For detailed information please contact:

MD. ZABUL HOSSEN

Mob:-050-9318014

B.Sc.Engineer (CIVIL)

Planning Engineer

Bin-Hamm Agricultural Co. L.L.C.

P.O. Box-1479,

Al-Ain, U.A.E.

CERTIFICATION:

I, the under personally, certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief, the above information has been correctly described in my curriculum vitae.

Sincerely Yours,

FARIDA EASMIN JEALIAN

B.A. (Honors), M.A (English)

Re: professional literature

Mister Micawber — Thu, 20 Mar 2008 11:32:53 GMT

.
Something else is wrong with the sentence, Antonija. The catalog was also synchronised? With what? It is also difficult to synchronise synonymy (I presume we are talking about zoological taxonomy here), since synonymy already means 'the same names'.

As for the literature, I don't think you need 'professional' at all; the phrase 'the literature' in this context automatically means ' the publications in the professional field being discussed'.

Re: Student's resume for scholarship (help me to admend)

Grammar Geek — Sun, 30 Dec 2007 17:49:23 GMT

Often things like this are listed in reverse chronological order -- that is, the most recent is first, and the oldest is last. When you get to 2007, you have so many things that a bulleted list might be better. Good luck with your scholarship application.

OBJECTIVE : DON KNOW WHAT TO WRITEâ¦(please advise) Only you know what your objectives are. What do you want to study? Why do you want to study it? My 8 year old has an abiding passion for sharks and wants to go to college to study marine biology so she can go on to study sharks in their natural setting. What do YOU want to do?

EDUCATION:

UPSR 2002 (SJK(C)FOON YEW 1, J.B) I have no idea what this means.

Secondary education ( SMK TAMAN DAYA 2, JB )

Form 1, 2003 : second place of the whole form 1 students.(2/415) Perhaps for all of these you could simply say "Class ranking: 2 of 415"

Form 2, 2004 : first place of the whole form 2 students (1/326)

Form 3, 2005 : PMR-6Aâs (highest mark in geography, kemahiran hidup 4 ) Do you not have a ranking here? Leaving it out makes it look like you went way down.

Form 4, 2006 : second place of the whole form 4 students. (2/234), (highest mark in physic , chemistry and biology subject ) Same as above, but say "Highest place in physics, chemistry, and biology." Don't use "subject."

HONORS AND ACTIVITIES: Use consistent capitalization. Start each one with a capital letter.

2003: Council member of the schoolâs badminton association, scoutâs group leader I don't know how it's written in your country, but here it would be "Scout troop leader."

2004: scoutâs group leader, participated in the schoolâs English Poem Recitation, second runner up for the (JPJ - what is this?) road safety competition organized by Shell Malaysia. Is this relevent to your academic achievements? Is the fact that Shell sponsored it important to this scholarship application.

First place in the science and mathematic inter-school competition.

2005: scoutâ group leader , vice chairman of the science and mathematic society , first place in the inter-school literature quiz competition.

don't leave a space before a comma - leave one after it.

2006 : vice chairman of the scoutâs troop , don't have a comma dangling out here unless there's another thing to list

2007 : chairman of the scoutâs troop, vice chairman of the science and mathematic society, council member of the interschool sports team, participate in first aid and basic fire fighting course organized by Malaysia Civil Defense force ,participate in the J.B Law Olympiad 2007, second place in the district drama competition ,second place in the district Biology competition , don't have a comma dangling out here unless there's another thing to list

Fluent in spoken and written:
English, Mandarin, Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, Cantonese

Student's resume for scholarship (help me to admend)

Anonymous — Sat, 29 Dec 2007 17:37:49 GMT

Hi English Guru,

I am a secondary school student wishing to apply for a companyâs scholarship. Please help me to amend my resume below. This resume is crucial for my scholarship. Thanks for your help.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name: Stanley Poh

OBJECTIVE : DON KNOW WHAT TO WRITEâ¦(please advise)

EDUCATION:

UPSR 2002 (SJK(C)FOON YEW 1, J.B)

Secondary education ( SMK TAMAN DAYA 2, JB )

Form 1, 2003 : second place of the whole form 1 students.(2/415)

Form 2, 2004 : first place of the whole form 2 students (1/326)

Form 3, 2005 : PMR-6Aâs (highest mark in geography, kemahiran hidup 4 )

Form 4, 2006 : second place of the whole form 4 students. (2/234), (highest mark in physic , chemistry and biology subject )

HONORS AND ACTIVITIES:

2003: Council member of the schoolâs badminton association, scoutâs group leader

2004: scoutâs group leader, participate in the schoolâs English Poem Recitation, second runner up for the ( JPJ )road safety competition organized by Shell Malaysia.

First place in the science and mathematic inter school competition.

2005: scoutâ group leader , vice chairman of the science and mathematic society , first place in the interschool literature quiz competition.

2006 : vice chairman of the scoutâs troop ,

Fluent in spoken and written:
English, Mandarin, Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, Cantonese

biography and autobiography

Lcchang — Wed, 20 Dec 2006 17:35:13 GMT

Can both words be the same in meaning?

biography:
1. a book that tells what has happened in someone's life, written by someone else
2. literature that consists of biographies

autobiography:
1. a book in which someone writes about their own life, or books of this type

In Taiwan, job applications are usually asked to submit their resume and also with an "autobiography" attached. Does that word sound right? Please advise.

LCChang

Re: the cases of abstract nouns taking "thes"

Aperisic — Fri, 15 Sep 2006 18:21:50 GMT

Mister Micawber wrote:
You must be a young man, Aperisic-- you have a penchant for overreaction.

Ha, ha, a good joke. No, I was anyhow very temporary here - I have extremely busy weeks and probably months ahead. So it was around time to leave the forums, and I said to myself why not to make a joke.

I might be childish, which I don't even feel embarrassed to admit, but a youngster certainly not.

When the time comes I will resume my visits.

Why I am making mistakes is because I try to rethink about everything. The fact that many people (including me, who should know better about English living in many different environments: British, Irish, Canadian and now American) suffer (truly suffer) learning again and again the same thing, never being able to make the clear plan is what force me to at least try to reorganize everything in a more different and approachable way. Yet, I am doing it on my own (with the help of brilliant literature and, why not to say, excellent posts of others, of course) without being able to correct every single detail (especially the problems are the examples where I am trying to fit them for one purpose but I forget another sometimes trivial moment).

I'll be back because that is important for my job. However, you can't miss me at all even if I won't, there are far better people here to help anyone around. Have a nice time, all!

[And thanks Mr Patrick (call me Patrick) but in essence I am Pascal, I'll keep what you said in mind.]

pls kindly review my motivation letter-URGENT-dd: Friday,28th. Many thanks.

Anonymous — Wed, 26 Jul 2006 11:01:21 GMT

(personal details removed by moderator. It is not wise to post these on a public forum).

26th July 2006

Dear ***

I learned that currently the *** Embassy is looking for a Media Officer with proven and sound knowledge of the Indonesian media and strong capacity in performing tasks related to media issues.

I believe my enclosed resume and my detailed background below will demonstrate that I have the characteristics and experience you required.

Due to my current function as Personal Assistant to the Head of the Information Department, Embassy of the Russian Federation and the Head of Bureau of the Russian Official News Agency, I become the first gate that monitor, transfer and search the most accurate information of all current Indonesian issues, in economics, politics, health, foreign policies as well as cultural issues. Furthermore, on behalf of the Head of Department, I maintain the overall good flow of communication from the Head of Bureau mostly to the Editor in Chiefs from several local media in publishing articles from Russian sources, news/ press release. These experiences broaden my network with the âkey personâ in media and make me accustomed to the Standard Operation Procedures of Indonesian media. Several journalistic trainings, that I attended, had played a significant role in expanding my knowledge of the Indonesian media.

Working by a News Agency demands us to be self dependent and reliable as well as to be able to meet deadlines. At my current organization I handle almost everything myself and assist the Head of Department in all job matters (please see details as attached in the CV). Setting work priorities is one of the primary characteristics, to be able to do this job. Deadlines, on my opinions, are not difficult, in contrary I enjoy deadline and become most productive near the deadlines.

These opportunities have strengthened my skills in applying my knowledge in research/ journalistic. I find this work challenging, interesting, and invigorating. I am motivated and curious person who can easily adapt to any situation. My friends know me to be a very effective and helpful team player. I am excited by the opportunity to join a group of professional where I can apply my skills, talents, and enthusiasm

I am accustomed to perform assigned tasks under minimum supervision. During the absence of the Head of Department, I am responsible for the news distribution as well as maintaining overall good flow of communications to the Head of Department.

My previous study at the Faculty of Literature, Universitas Indonesia, gave me a fundamental concept of translating. During my internship at the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), I compiled Summaries of Salary Survey and translated those into Indonesian. Soon after the internship, the GTZ offered me a contract to assist the Advisor to the Country Director GTZ Indonesia, Timor Leste in translating GTZ projects description for public importance and to support the Advisor in handling public relations matters.

At my Faculty, I was the Chief Editor for the monthly Germanistic Student magazine "Reiz". In recruiting members for my team, I preferred to choose those, who have the willingness to share and contribute their ideas and creativity for others in form of a magazine. On my opinion, this is the basis of success, i.e. motivation.

One of my hobbies is reading. I like to spend most of time in reading. I learn a lot about your country from the news in media and I am eager to know more about your country particularly its foreign policy directly rather than what I just read in media.

Please feel free to contact me at (tel number removed by mod) at any time to discuss these and other qualifications with you. I look forward to meeting with you to discuss the ways my skills may best serve the *** Embassy Jakarta.

Sincerely yours,

Rizka Desinta

grammatical check

Murajica — Fri, 12 May 2006 02:19:51 GMT

Dear Members!

I am a new member and I would need some urgent academic help. Tomorrow i have to submit an essay for my postgraduate study. as Slovenian I am not sure if everything is in order in the essay. I attached the essay in this message. If anybody would consider looking into my essay I would be more then glad about that.

Introduction

This essay represents a possible answer to the question of the transforming the form of power from classical physical, person-to-person alike configurations to the new formation of ubiquitous - virtual â power. In contemporary society the classical Benthamâs idea of Panopticon has been employed to society as an âElectronic Panopticonâ wherein government agencies, commercial interests and corporations use information technologies to sort people into âgroupsâ or âtypesâ. Supervisors exert power over the supervised in some manner or other (King 2001). As some authors still interpret Western society with the few-watch-many panopticon model, called as exclusionary fortress (King 2001), others are more focused on many-watch-few the Synopticon model (Bauman 1998). Yet, essay examines the similarities and differences of those two models, with an additional consideration to a hybrid model of the superpanopticism.

Why is than that this utilitarian two hundred years old idea of panopticon survived and extended in to new â hybrid â forms? This essay provides also the retrospective of the development of the power and public surveillance from the panoptic initial idea till nowadays electronic global power.

The spread of globalization and electronic era brought new technologies in everybodyâs everyday life. Over all, I should repeat the questions raised by Lyon (1994) whether do those new technologies spell a qualitatively new surveillance? If so, does this add up to the emergence of a more authoritarian, prison-like society? I conclude with the question if this is really prison-like society for everybody or only for non reluctant citizen. Therefore, is the new society really the limited society? Do we as contemporary residents have lack of opportunities and live in virtual cells or are we all just blinded and idled of all opportunities?

But again, what about the residents of the non-western, âunderdevelopedâ world â under what source and type of the surveillance do they live and what is their opportunity of resistance when they choose to âenterâ the West â so called surveillance society. What does it mean to shift the âreal jungleâ with the âmanufactured jungleâ?

From Panopticon to Synopticon

Todayâs society is often called as surveillance society. Many consider contemporary society as Post-Panopticon society, as a copy of initial idea of the total, the 360 degree surveillance area.

In the eighteen century a British reformer Jeremy Bentham presented the blueprint of optimal surveillance object called the Panopticon. This rounded structure with the watch tower in the axis of circle gives the gatekeeper/supervisor the ability to see all without being seen; ultimately it gives the keeper the ability to exert power over the inmates. Primary, it was meant to revolutionise the way in which prisons were administrate (King 2001). âThere were no more bars, no more chains, no more heavy locksâ¦â (Foucault 1991: 202)

In the Panopticon, the peripheral mass cannot see the observers, and must assume that someone may be watching over them at all time (Boyne 2000). One of the most influential theoretic of the philosophy of Panopticon, Michael Foucault describes it as a machine for dissociating the see/being seen dyad. In the ring, one is totally seen, without ever seeing, when on the other side in the core tower, one sees everything without ever being seen (Foucault 1991). Another weighty sociologist Zygmunt Bauman foremostly sees Panopticon as a weapon against difference, choice and variety (1998). In this point, we can presume that Panopticon is really an opposite idea of democracy. But, as we will see latter, many connect the panopticism with the Western democratic society. Bauman further claims that âThe Panopticonâs main purpose was to install discipline and to impose a uniform pattern on the behaviour of its inmates.â (Bauman 1998:50)

A pictorial description of original Benthamâs Panopticon was provided by Foucault, describing it as an architectural figure of this composition. He describes the principle on which it was based:

ââ¦at the periphery, an annular building; at the centre, tower. A watchtower is pierced with wide windows that open onto inner side of the ring. The peripheral building is divided into cells, each of which extends the whole width of the building. They have two windows, one on the inside, corresponding to the windows of the tower; the other, on the outside, allows the light to cross the cell from one end to other. All that is needed, than, is a supervisor in a central tower and to shut up in each cell a madman, a patient, a condemned man, a worker or a school boy.â (Foucault 1991: 200)

While poignant, the architecture of Foucaultâs version of Benthamâs Panopticon produces a kind of double vision; two different, divergent stories of the development of evidently modern relations of surveillance, domination and control. Firstly, the story of what goes on with the supervisor or inspector in the central tower and secondly what happens to the person in the cell. The tale of the supervisor takes us to the techniques of observation, information gathering, data management, simulation and to (what Foucault later describes as) âa biopolitics of the populationâ (Simon 2005). George Orwell (1984 in Simon 2005:4) precisely describes the effect as a result of Panopticon:

âThere was of course no way of knowing whether you were being watched at any given moment. How often, or on what system, the Thought Police plugged in on any individual wire was guesswork. It was even conceivable that they watched everybody all the timeâ¦ You had to live â did live, from habit that became instinct â in the assumption that every sound you made was overheard, and, except in darkness, every moment scrutinized.â

The Panoptic machine makes one visible and at the same time it hides the operations (motives, practice, and ethics) of the supervisor. This relation (being seen without being able to see) provides uncertainty which become a source of anxiety, discomfort and even terror (Simon 2005).

In The Panopticon also the observers were under possible control, it may ever provide an apparatus for supervising its own mechanisms. (Foucault 1991)

One of the important deficiencies of the Panopticon model was exposed by Simon (2005). Though, the Panopticon makes all acts in principle visible in cannot distinguish between acts that conform to the rules and acts which pretend co conform to the rules. Nevertheless, the idea of Panopticon is not always the optimal explanation for the role of power in the modern society. Although, as we will se latter, we can easily name modern public sphere with Foucaultian expression âlaboratory of powerâ, has the contemporary society mirrored the sight to the surveillance. The supervision of the few watching the many has turned to the many watching the few.

Reading with Foucault rather than against him Mathesion (in Simon 2005) theorizes a role for the synoptic machine of the contemporary culture industries; accounted for by the critical theory tradition. By the critics like Mathesion and Baudrillard the individualâs relation to the modern media is rather synoptic than panoptic; the relation is extremely visual, where the many (an audience) observe the few (the television programme). But yet we can argue, that provided synoptic apparatus is in tight symbiosis with the panoptic. But one can at this point draw on media theory and argue that synoptic function of the media is the production of homogenous knowledge and wide spread culture (ibid.).

At this point in the theory, the Synopticon emerged as the hybrid version of the Panopticon. Thomas Mathiesen coined the memorial phrase, where the introduction of panoptical power represented a fundamental transformation from situation where the few watch the many to a situation where the many watch the few (Bauman 1998). Bauman (1998) further adds that Synopticon is in its nature global. The watchers are united from their locality and at least spiritually they are transported into cyberspace. Distance no longer matters, even if bodily they remain in place. Globalization is not about what we all wish or hope to do, it is about what happening in the worldwide level, it is about what is happening to all of us (ibid.). It does not matter any more if the targets of the Synopticon mutated from the watched into the watchers stay in the place or move around the globe. And who are the new watched population at whom Synopticon âaim its arrowsâ?

âThe many watch the few. The few who are watched are the celebrities. They may come from the world of politics, of sport, of science or show business, or just be celebrated information specialists. Wherever they come from, though, all displayed celebrities put on display the world of celebrities â a world whose main distinctive feature is precisely the quality of being watched â by many, and in all corners of the globe: of being global in their capacity of being watched.â (Bauman 1998:53)

The main difference by the word of Bauman (1998) is that Panopticon forced people into the position where they could be watched, but Synopticon on the other hand needs no coercion. People are seduced into watching and the watched few are tightly selected. Surveillance and consecutively the power are therefore spreading among all of us. We-as the audience are all the part of Synopticon and therefore we are all in the possession of power. We have the possibility to survey and the possibility to be a part of the apparatus. The fictive power is dividing from our television receiver to yours receiver. The power and the surveillance are spreading through the signals, networks and internet connections and they are imaginatively connecting us. Ultimately, we are all part of the game of surveillance, gathered in the electronic arena, where in a fictive menagerie we watch over the selected few. We are covetous for their private life. Their privacy is our required publicity.

The development of new technologies and new techniques of power, consist â on the contrary â in the many watching the few. That is shown in the rise of mass media â television more than any other. That leads to the creation, alongside the Panopticon, of another power mechanism which, coining another apt phrase â Synopticon (Bauman 1998).

History review of surveillance and power

Lyon (1994) sets out as prominent work about surveillance two main traditions the Marxian and the Weberian. Karl Marxâs special attention on surveillance is in aspect of the struggle between labour and capital, where worker is viewed as a means of maintaining managerial control on behalf of capital. Opposite, Max Webber concentrates on the manners that all modern organizations develop means of storing and retrieving data in the form of files as part of the quest of efficient practice within bureaucracy. Such files contain personal information so that government can supervise population. Furthermore, we should opt on Foucaultâs contribution to surveillance theory. He claims that modern societies have introduced and employed a range of disciplinary practices rather than relaying on external controls and constrains. This practice is necessary for life to continue in a regularized patterned way. (Lyon 1994)

For Foucault (1991) the panopticism is the general principle of new political elites, who use it as a relation of discipline and not the relation of sovereignty. He sees the idea of panopticism have spread over the globe:

ââ¦although the universal juridicism of modern society seems to fix limits on the exercise of power, its universally widespread panopticism enables it to operate, in the underside of the law, a machinery that is both immense and minute, which supports, reinforces, multiplies the asymmetry of power and undermines the limits that are traced around the law. /â¦/ in the genealogy of modern society, they have been, with the class domination that traverses it, the political counterpart of the juridical norms according to which power is redistributed. (Foucault 1991: 223)

Governments in 1960s and 1970s developed large-scale date integration projects, which had raised the fear of the omniscient âBig Brotherâ state. In that time individuals knew when data about them, and for whom and for what reason had been collected. Surveillance systems at that time were discrete and bounded. The concept of databanks expressed a technological and political reality that personal information system had some clear boundaries (Bennett 2001). 1970s were also the time of Orwellian Big Brother states.â This position might be contrasted with that of Lyon (1994) who kept the Orwellian nightmare of 1984 at bay with a Foucauldian emphasis on discipline but has moved on (Lyon, 2001) to incorporate some of the arguments about risk society from Beck.â (Lyon, 2001:10-113).

Anthony Giddens (in Lyon 1994) describes some differences of surveillance in the western societies and the surveillance in the totalitarian eastern block. He finds a gap distinction between surveillance as âgathering data onâ and âsupervisingâ people. Giddens claims that totalitarianism is, first of all, an extreme focusing of surveillance (ibid.). But the changes in the political systems, the global technological progress and above all the globalization changed the rules. To conquer and survey the world, one does not need to be present in all places for all the time.

âIn the world we inhabit, distance does not seem to matter much. Sometimes it seems that it exists solely in order to be cancelled; as if space was but a constant invitation to slight it, refute and deny. Space stopped being an obstacle â one needs just a split second to conquer it.â (Bauman 1998:77)

In fact, as Kavanagh (1996 in Bauman 1998) stated, globalization is a paradox. While it is very beneficial to a very few, it leaves out or marginalizes two-thirds of the world.

Latest surveillance studies have gone further than Foucault in demonstrating new data collection with sophisticated, yet manipulated forms to alter, manage or even control the live chances of the supervised person (Gandy 1993). As an example Simon (2005) proposes census data, used to generate profiles of various populations to guide the development of government policies, which have further define effects on persons, independent of their knowledge. Only a step away is insurance data, credit information, marketing data etc. In all this cases, data obtained from people is managed independently and used to structure the lives of those people.

New forms of surveillance

As we see, in the contemporarily people are facing the paradoxical situation, where everybody can be the object of observation and simultaneously the subject that execute the surveillance. The strength of the surveillance is taking away our privacy; it prevails into ours most intimate moment and places. The systems of surveillance possess the power for assembling and finally to assemble all needed information that we have ever put into the circulation. Our credit card or post code of our home address, calls made from the mobile and even type of food that we buy in our favourite shop with our favourite club card all tell more about us than we would at anytime wanted to be known. In the traditionally disciplinary the object of surveillance was the body but in âdataveillanceâ the object of control is simply the digital representation of the body (Simon 2005). Huge data collection systems connected to each other also support each other with the latest information about us and use us and information about us as crucial capital and power.

âNo one is spying on us, exactly, although for many people that is what it feels like if and when they find out just how detailed a picture of us is available. âTheyâ know things about us, but we often donât know what they know, why they know, or with whom else they might share their knowledge.â (Lyon 1994:4)

Dataveillance (the collection, organization and storage of information about persons) and biometrics (the use of the body as a measure of identity) have not only come into focus with the post 9/11 security consciousness of state institutions. These technologies are now becoming a regular feature of the everyday lives and culture of citizens. (Simon 2005)

Deluze (1992 in Simon 2005:17) for example claims that in societies of control what is important is no longer either a signature or a number, but a code â the code is a password and it stand in for bodies. He remarks âthe numerical language of control is made of codes that mark access to information, or reject it. We no longer find ourselves dealing with the mass/individual pair. Individuals have become âdividualsâ and masses, samples, data, markets or âbanksâ.â We can support the Deluzeâs idea with a claim that societies have shifted from disciplinary societies to societies of control. This idea parallels the critiques of panopticism, which point to a shift away from classical visual surveillance to dataveillance as a mode of ordering information. Clark (1988 in Howard et al. 2005:69) coined the term dataveillance to signify âthe systematic use of personal data systems in the investigation or monitoring of the actions or communications of one or more personsâ in an effort to analyze the potential for new digital technologies to allow âincreased surveillance of the citizen by the state, and the consumer by the corporation.â

Simon (2005) claims, that the surveillance apparatus does not act on bodies or minds but on information about them. Thus, we can say that dataveillance corresponds to the modulatory effects of power, as it is described by Deleuze (1992 in Simon 2005:15):

âthe image of a city âwhere one would be able to leave oneâs apartment, oneâs street, oneâs neighbourhood, thanks to oneâs âdividual electronic card that raises a given barrier; but the card could just as easily be rejected on a given day or between certain hours; what counts is not the barrier but the computer that tracks each personâs position â licit or illicit â and effects a universal modulationâ.

Poster (1992) explains the shift to control societies in terms of the superpanopticism. He argues that, it does not operate through external force or expected internal norms but rather in terms of discourse and the linguistic properties of digital computation. The electronic database is the core of the superpanopticon, it is a sorting machine that organizes and produces subjects. As David Lyon summarizes:

the subject is multiplied and decentred in the database, acted on by remote computers each time a record is automatically verified or checked against another, without ever referring to the individual concerned /â¦/ computers become machines for producing retrievable identities (Lyon 2001: 115).

Poster (1992??preveri ker spodaj maÅ¡ 1996) writes about new forms of power where the unwanted surveillance of personal choice becomes a discursive reality through the willing participation of the surveilled individual. In this instance the play of power and discourse is uniquely configured. The one being surveilled provides the information necessary for surveillance.

The diagram of superpanopticism is not a diagram of surveillance in the traditional sense, no one is watching us and we do not perceive ourselves as being watched. We simply go about our business while our databased selves are assembled, scrutinized and evaluated in much more detail than the inmates at Foucaultâs Mettray prison ever experienced (ibid.).

At the same time we allow the surveillance as we are part of surveillance society â where for exchange of our information we can be part of âthe manyâ that watch âthe fewâ. We live in the Panopticon but at the same time we participate and even with ease enjoy the Synopticon. Foucaultâs version of Benthamâs plan has been upgraded, so that the inmate is aware of the gaze of the supervisor through signs of their presence. This is initially ominous tower with its shielded windows signifying the presence of the guards, but it could also easily be the insidious sign of the CCTV camera or the spy satellite as material extensions of the human eye (Simon 2005).

However, it is the sign of presence of surveillance and not its actual presence that matters here. Yet we can say that this is what makes possible to substitute fake supervisor (cameras) for real ones and still achieve the same effects of power and domination. (Norris 2003). Or as Foucault (1991:200) claims âvisibility is a trap.â

Lyon (1994) claims that interesting challenge to surveillance studies presented by processes such as computer-matching is than an essentially technical procedure contribute to the blurring of conventionally conceived boundaries.

King (2001) asserts that Panopticon is still a useful metaphor for the examination of the world we live in and as well understanding of its history and how it is mirrored in nowadays Western society.

It is on this point that the critique of Foucault takes on its strongest form. As Anthony Giddens (1990) has noted, modern surveillance can be denoted by increasing distances between the observer and the observed. So can we ultimately find the connections between the initial Panopticon prison idea and modern surveillance society? Following Gary Marx (1988 in Simon 2005) we can extrapolate from guards in the watchtower to some hi-tech management and policing systems: a kind of prototypical hybrid-police-cyborg using progressively more sophisticated technical capacity for monitoring (CCTV, infrared cameras, electronic tags), data storage (huge hard drives systems), networking (data conversion) and analysis (systems capable of advanced pattern recognition and multivariate sorting) (ibid.).

Particular forms of communication are vital aspects of what it means to be human. What we disclose to whom, and under what conditions, is highly significant. What once we might have revealed, consciously, about ourselves to someone we trust â friend, doctor, priest, therapist â may now be involuntarily disclosed by electronic means to organizations or machines that we cannot know, let alone trust, in the same way (Lyon 1994).

âPrecise details of our personal lives are collected stored, retrieved and processed every day within huge computer databases belonging to big corporations and government departments. This is âsurveillance societyâ.â (Lyon 1994:3)

An interesting comparison with the new Lyonâs surveillance society was a lot earlier provided by Foucault, when he talked about the power of the Panopticon. He considers the activity of the Panopticon also as a kind of laboratory of power. Because of its mechanisms of observation, it gains in efficiency and in the ability to penetrate into menâs behaviour; knowledge follows the advances of power, discovering new objects of knowledge over all the surfaces on which power is exercised (Foucault 1991). Introducing the Panopticon into the contemporary society, we can understand the present public sphere â surveyed, tracked and surrounded with the linked apparatuses filled with data of citizens as a huge laboratory of virtual power.

For Mark Poster the post-modern is classified as a âmode of informationâ. He raises the question of location of human self if fragments of personal data constantly circulate within computer systems, beyond any agentâs personal control. (Lyon 1994)

Further, for Bauman (1998), then, the dream of total control, exemplified by the Panopticon, is really fully applicable only within a âclockworkâ society, whose inhabitants are required to have fixed places, functions and appetites. âAdvanced Westernâ societies are not like this. On the other hand, for the inhabitants of the first world state borders are levelled down, as they are dismantled for the worldâs commodities, capital and finances. But for the inhabitant of the second world, the walls built of immigration controls, of residence laws, and of âclean streetsâ and âzero toleranceâ policies, grow taller. (Bauman 1998)

My thesis and conclusion

The provided literature and shown examples have, therefore, made a systematic case in support of the proposition that technology and advance have made possible the systems of domination and power, especially virtual apparatus to supervise with supremacy over the people of postmodernity. As power is indeed strongly roped with forms of technology, it is possible to agree that power is nowadays virtual in form, with âsurveillance /â¦/, as an institutionally central and pervasive feature of social lifeâ¦â (Lyon 1994:24)

In fact, it is interesting to accept the fact that new virtual forms of information technology are constructing society as well physically (modern surveillance systems) as also socially (changing of public behaviour, new ways of pleasure and voyeurism â when many watch the few, or surveillance for pleasure, etc.). Although, it is significant to point out that in contemporary society â as Anthony Giddens called it with felicitous phrase, a âmanufactured jungleâ no physical presence of âanotherâ is needed to perceive his influential power and surveillance; no matter what place or what moment in the society do we take into consideration.

The power of supervision has developed in recent years with the speed of the development of science and technology. With introduction of new â especially virtual technology apparatuses, one is becoming even more âthe objectâ of observation and surveillance. Discrepancy between private â intimate side of life and the public access to oneâs personal matters has blurred to the degree, where one can no more foresight when, how and by who is observed at the particular moment. Yet, I could agree with intimidated and tighten theories of âtotal disclosureâ proposed by theoretic of surveillance (Orwell, Lyon, Foucault, etc.), where apparatus of the state, economic and media govern its population in the scheme of matrix. Individual can be metaphorical staged with the famous Foucaultian quote:

âHe is seen, but he does not see he is the object of information, never a subject in communication.â (Foucault 1991: 200)

One has no more option to be under self control only, but has become the object of the total observation drawled in the matrix of the mass.

Is the new democracy really the new totalitarianism with millions of pigeonholes or is it opposite of the verified systems with negative connotation, known from the past?

At the Titoâs Yugoslavia there was a well known âbrainwashâ rule proposed by the government to its population saying that âNon-friend never sleeps! Everybody has to be aware at all time.â Citizens attended to be continuously frightened and therefore they suppose to trust the state and follow and obey its instructions. Police, army and other political commissars controlled the nation with ceaseless personal control. The possibility of resistance was at minimum, boundaries were almost closed and one had almost no place to manoeuvre.

Therefore, I can somehow not find the direct linking between new âWesternâ types of surveillance and old totalitarian types of all-time pressure surveillance and I can easily argue that at this moment one has a possibility of choice whether he would like to allow (or not disallow) to be supervised or yet he can resist and try to ignore the systems of surveillance in the name of his belonging right to the privacy. Resistance always demands more inclusion then following and obeying â but what matters here is the choice of not being supervised and therefore at least in the legitimate way choice of own personal private life. In the time of the stateâs personal surveillance â this possibility was not directly an option.

Such arguments, I would argue and widen with the fact that global life is possibly becoming multidimensional and as well extremely rapid â consecutively one has no more energy, time or even possibility to pay attention of own surveillance. Equally, it can be also possible to argue King (2001) which claims that information and communication technologies have advanced at an incredible rate, so that we can do things that at one time were not possible but at the same time we have become traceable to an unprecedented degree. But the fact remains: power has become in modern society virtual in form â whether we accept it or not. The only question is, whether we are utterly loosing the connection when and how the new technologies is going to track us.

Resources:

- Bauman Z. (1998) Globalization â The Human Conequences Cambridge: Polity.

- Bennett J. C. (2001) âCookies, web bugs, webcams and cue cats: Patterns of surveillance on the world wide webâ Ethic and Information Technology Vol.3 pp.197-201.

- Boyne R. (2000) âPost-Panopticismâ Economy and Society Vol.29 No.2 pp.285-307.

- Foucault M. (1991 [1975]) Discipline and Punish â The Birth of the Prison London: Penguin Books.

- Gandy, O. (1993). The Panoptic Sort: A Political Economy of Personal Information. Boulder, CO, Westview Press.

- Giddens, A. (1990) The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge, Polity Press.

- Green, S. (1999) âA Plague on the Panopticon: Surveillance and Power in the Global Information Economy.â Information, Communication and Society 2(1): 26-44.

- Howard N. P., Carr N. J. and Milstein J. T. (2005) âDigital Technology and the Market for Political Surveillanceâ Surveillance & Society Vol.3 No.1 pp.59-73.

- King L. (2001) âInformation, Society and the Panopticonâ The Western Journal o Graduate Research Vol. 10, No.1 pp.40-50.

- Norris, C. (2003) âFrom Personal to Digital: CCTV, the Panopticon and the Technological Mediation of Suspicion and Social Control.â Surveillance as Social Sorting. D. Lyon (ed.). London, Routledge.

- Lyon D. (1994) The Electronic Eye â The Rise of Surveillance Society Cambridge: Polity Press.

- Lyon, D. (2001) Surveillance Society: Monitoring Everyday Life. Buckingham, Open University Press.

- Poster, M. (1996) âDatabases as Discourse, or, Electronic Interpellations.â Computers, Surveillance, and Privacy. D. Lyon and E. Zureik (eds.). Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press: 175-192.

- Simon B. (2005) âThe Return of Panopticism: Supervision, Subjection and New Surveillanceâ Surveillance & Society Vol.3 No.1 pp.1-20 online: http://www.surveillance-and-society.org

POSITION IN CHINA

THECHINATEACHING — Wed, 28 Sep 2005 09:09:52 GMT

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Finally an organization has been established in China, RUN BY NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKERS FOR NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKERS, with the specific goal of bringing consistency to the greatly varying working and living conditions experienced by foreign teachers in China.

The China Teaching Network has been conducting the business of job finding, contract negotiation and teacher support throughout mainland China for the past 4 years.

Right from the outset all teachers will be fully informed of their working and living conditions. Upon arrival, due to the fact that we are based in China, with our head quarters in Wuhan, Hubei and offices and agents throughout China, our service remains personal, and as such, are available to address any individual needs that they arise speedily and to the satisfaction of the foreign teacher. AN ORGANIZATION MADE UP OF NATIVE SPEAKERS FOR NATIVE SPEAKERS.

In most instances applicants will receive and have access to

Comprehensive employment contract

Contract negotiation service

Full and comprehensive support network

Dispute resolution facilities

Placement throughout China

Travel service during vacation periods

Additional employment network

Lesson sharing facilities

Contact us now for a detailed employment package outlining the specifics of your position and for general information please read the following:

SO WHY USE US?

As mentioned previously our company is made up of Native speakers whose sole responsibility is to place you in an outstanding authorized education institution and to offer you a full support system throughout your entire stay here in China, you are supported, not simply left at the door step!

The China Teaching Network requires teachers for:

POSITIONS AVAILABLE THROUGHOUT CHINA FOR AN IMMEDIATE START AND FOR OCTOBER.

Employer: Mostly Chinese governmentally owned schools, Universities, colleges, private training centres.

Benefits

Wage: 4000 to 10000 Yuan per month. This obviously varies due to the applicants ESL experience, qualifications, province and city of placement. Our company has specific employees who are responsible for seeking additional employment for you, which can increase your monthly salary substantially.

Return economy air ticket reimbursement for a 12 month contract, half for a 6 month contract. (sometimes this airfare is capped)

Airport pickup

Spacious modern apartment with all necessary living provisions supplied ie. refrigerator, air conditioning. TV, computer (internet accessible) etc. the floor space ranges from 40 to 200 square meters.

Health Insurance: Usually a school will purchase medical insurance.

Bonus: 2000- 2200 Yuan paid for summer or winter holiday travel allowance.

Other

Contract period: 10-12 Months preferred

Hours per week: 14 to 18 academic hours per week. (An academic hour is 45 minutes)

Monday to Friday, with no weekend work.

Overtime paid with rate to be negotiated.

Teaching task: All teachers are teaching oral English, some subject specific English may also be taught depending on applicants qualifications, for example, business English, literature etc.

Required

â¢ Degree preferable but not necessary

â¢ High school certificate is insufficient, however if you have further education or adult education qualifications, please advise, these will suffice.

â¢ Neutral accent

â¢ Native English speaker

If you decide to apply for a position please email or fax or post:

- A resume

- A recent passport sized photo

- Copy of passport

- Highest education certificate

BE A PART OF THE NETWORK

Placement Manager

The China Teaching Network,

Floor 27, Pengcheng Towers, Zhongnan Rd

Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072 China

+86 132 3713 6556 +86 137 3554 2770

+86 027 8789 3507

Email: removed, click email link below>

EXCELLENT TEACHING POSTS AVAILABLE IN CHINA NOW AND IN OCTOBER

THECHINATEACHING — Sat, 24 Sep 2005 09:55:42 GMT

âFINALLY SOME STRUCTURE COMES TO ESL IN CHINA, THROUGH THE QUALITY SERVICE OFFERED BY THE CHINA TEACHING NETWORK, AN OUTSTANDING SERVICEâ.

BE A PART OF THE NETWORK

Finally an organization has been established in China, RUN BY NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKERS FOR NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKERS, with the specific goal of bringing consistency to the greatly varying working and living conditions experienced by foreign teachers in China.

The China Teaching Network has been conducting the business of job finding, contract negotiation and teacher support throughout mainland China for the past 4 years.

Right from the outset all teachers will be fully informed of their working and living conditions. Upon arrival, due to the fact that we are based in China, with our head quarters in Wuhan, Hubei and offices and agents throughout China, our service remains personal, and as such, are available to address any individual needs that they arise speedily and to the satisfaction of the foreign teacher. AN ORGANIZATION MADE UP OF NATIVE SPEAKERS FOR NATIVE SPEAKERS.

In most instances applicants will receive and have access to

- Comprehensive employment contract
- Contract negotiation service
- Full and comprehensive support network
- Dispute resolution facilities
- Placement throughout China
- Travel service during vacation periods
- Additional employment network
- Lesson sharing facilities

Contact us now for a detailed employment package outlining the specifics of your position and for general information please read the following:

SO WHY USE US?

As mentioned previously our company is made up of Native speakers whose sole responsibility is to place you in an outstanding authorized education institution and to offer you a full support system throughout your entire stay here in China, you are supported, not simply left at the door step!

The China Teaching Network requires teachers for:

POSITIONS AVAILABLE THROUGHOUT CHINA FOR AN IMMEDIATE START AND FOR OCTOBER.

Employer: Mostly Chinese governmentally owned schools, Universities, colleges, private training centres.

Benefits chemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />>>

Wage: 4000 to 10000 Yuan per month. This obviously varies due to the applicants ESL experience, qualifications, province and city of placement. Our company has specific employees who are responsible for seeking additional employment for you, which can increase your monthly salary substantially. >>
Return economy air ticket reimbursement for a 12 month contract, half for a 6 month contract. (sometimes this airfare is capped) >>
Airport pickup >>
Spacious modern apartment with all necessary living provisions supplied ie. refrigerator, air conditioning. TV, computer (internet accessible) etc. the floor space ranges from 40 to 200 square meters. >>
Health Insurance: Usually a school will purchase medical insurance. >>
Bonus: 2000- 2200 Yuan paid for summer or winter holiday travel allowance. >>

OTHER

- Contract period: 10-12 Months preferred
- Hours per week: 14 to 18 academic hours per week. (An academic hour is 45 minutes)
- Monday to Friday, with no weekend work.
- Overtime paid with rate to be negotiated.
- Teaching task: All teachers are teaching oral English, some subject specific English may also be taught depending on applicants qualifications, for example, business English, literature etc.

Required >>

Degree preferable but not necessary >>
High school certificate is insufficient, however if you have further education or adult education qualifications, please advise, these will suffice. >>
Neutral accent >>
Native English speaker >>

If you decide to apply for a position please email or fax or post:

- A resume
- A recent passport sized photo
- Copy of passport
- Highest education certificate

BE A PART OF THE NETWORK

Placement Manager
The China Teaching Network,
Floor 27, Pengcheng Towers, Zhongnan Rd
Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072 China
+86 132 3713 6556 +86 137 3554 2770
+86 027 8789 3507
Email: <removed - click below>