Normally, we do not think of relative pronouns as 'linking' clauses as much as we think of them as 'introducing' restrictive elements, 'relating' one clause to the other more than linking two of them. In your example,

Adj after noun: But in your first three sentences, the ‘–ing words’ are verbs, not ‘participles as adjectives’. Just because they are participle in form says nothing about their syntactic function. For a participle to be adjectival it needs