Search results for 'tag:Noun phrases tag:Adjuncts' matching tags 'Noun phrases' and 'Adjuncts'

Re: One - When is it not ok?

CalifJim — Tue, 11 Nov 2008 23:39:54 GMT

Recall that * means ungrammatical.

_____

one is always countable.

*coarse sand and fine one; *white sugar and brown one; *fresh milk and spoiled one; *British English and American one; *good knowledge and bad one

But (countable):

a happy child and a sad one; happy children and sad ones; the happy child and the sad one; the happy children and the sad ones

a big shoe and a small one; big shoes and small ones; the big shoe and the small one; the big shoes and the small ones

_____

The indefinite determiner a, a possessive construction, or an adjective of quantity cannot be followed directly by one; however, an adjective may intervene.

this old one, this one, that new one, that one, the fast one, the warm one, the one, a gold one, *a one, my old one, *my one, Tom's old one, *Tom's one, many new ones, *many ones, several good ones, *several ones, three short ones, *three ones

(these ones, those ones in some varieties of English; *these ones, *those ones in others.)

_____

With an adjective modifier:

the tall statue and the short one

Father's big shoes and Mother's small ones

the English teacher and the French one

-- The teacher from England and the one from France

With an adjunct:

a book with red trim and (*a) one with blue trim

the chair in the living room and the one in the kitchen

the coat that Lucy bought and the one that she stole

With a noun modifier:

*the clothing store and the hardware one

*a science book and a Latin one

*Father's work shoes and Mother's dress ones

*the chemistry teacher and the physics one

*an elm tree and a maple one

*Kluckin'-Fresh eggs and Lay-Rite ones

*the English teacher and the French one.

-- *the teacher of English and the one of French.

With a complement:

*a way of speaking and one of singing

*the Indian form of English and the Latin American one of Spanish

*a good knowledge of linguistics and a passing one of philosophy

_____

I have used "and" to connect noun phrases above only for purposes of illustration. The grammaticality of these expressions remains the same even within other structures within sentences, for example,

The tall statue was more beautiful than the short one.

*We planted an elm tree, but not a maple one.

*They shopped at the clothing store in the morning and at the hardware one that afternoon.

Re: conjunctive adverbs

miriam — Tue, 01 Apr 2008 05:13:39 GMT

Conjunctive adverbs, or simply "conjuncts", do exist, and are different from sentence adverbials.These conjuncts link sentences or paragraphs and usually appear at the beginning of a sentence.

The adverbials Anonymous mentioned in their first post, those that tell us something about the verb (why, when, where, how, what for, etc.) are adjuncts (as opposed to conjuncts. Unlike conjuncts, adjuncts are part of the structure of the sentence (from the point of view of syntax); they will appear in the predicate. You also have âsentence adverbialsâ, which modify an entire clause or sentence and are placed, usually, at the beginning of the sentence).

Adverb: a part of speech whose main function is that of modifying a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

Adverbial: a syntactic function that may be realised by a number of structures (and even single words): adverbs, prepositional phrases, clauses (both finite and non-finite), noun phrases.

Both conjuncts and adjuncts are adverbials, only they are of different types.

Most conjuncts are adverbs or prepositional phrases: however, consequently, yet (meaning âhoweverâ), firstly, lastly, anyway, nonetheless, nevertheless, meanwhile, by the way, on the one hand, on the other hand, to begin with, to sum up, in short, etc. Even some conjunctions can function as conjuncts, as long as they appear at the very beginning of the sentence (for example âandâ and âbutâ). again, these are not part of either the subject or the predicate, but remain outside the structure of the sentence and act as links to the previous sentence/s or paragraph.

Miriam

Re: two questions for help, even if a hint

Welkins2139 — Tue, 12 Sep 2006 19:42:05 GMT

Inchoateknowledge wrote:
Welkins2139 wrote:
Inchoateknowledge wrote:

Some people say that it is wrong for the government to spend much money on artistic projects, such as paintings and sculptures in public places."

"In public places, an adverbial phrase, modfies on artistic projects, an adjective phrase. "

"In public places, an adverbial phrase"

Yes, a locative adjunct

"in public places" "modfies on artistic projects, an adjective phrase" No

it modifies "paintings and sculptures"

artistic project is not an adjectival phrase.

"Project" is the head and is a noun, so it is a noun phrase.

I disagree.

If you take away such as paintings and sculptures, it will be on artistic projects in public places. In public places, adverb phrase, modifies, On artistic projects, adjective phrases.

on artistic projects modfies money.

What do you mean by taking away "paintings and sculptures"?

You can not take it away, since they are anchored to "in public places".

Where is an adjective phrase here?

Some people say that it is wrong for the government to spend much money on artistic projects in public places.

On "such as paintings and sculptures in public places, " I do not think that in public places modifies paintings and sculptures. I think in public places modifies on artistic projects . I think sometimes an adverbial phrase ends up in an end of a sentence.

On artistic projects modifies money.

Re: two questions for help, even if a hint

Inchoateknowledge — Tue, 12 Sep 2006 17:28:58 GMT

Welkins2139 wrote:
Inchoateknowledge wrote:

Some people say that it is wrong for the government to spend much money on artistic projects, such as paintings and sculptures in public places."

"In public places, an adverbial phrase, modfies on artistic projects, an adjective phrase. "

"In public places, an adverbial phrase"

Yes, a locative adjunct

"in public places" "modfies on artistic projects, an adjective phrase" No

it modifies "paintings and sculptures"

artistic project is not an adjectival phrase.

"Project" is the head and is a noun, so it is a noun phrase.

I disagree.

If you take away such as paintings and sculptures, it will be on artistic projects in public places. In public places, adverb phrase, modifies, On artistic projects, adjective phrases.

on artistic projects modfies money.

What do you mean by taking away "paintings and sculptures"?

You can not take it away, since they are anchored to "in public places".

Where is an adjective phrase here?

Re: two questions for help, even if a hint

Welkins2139 — Tue, 12 Sep 2006 13:55:56 GMT

Inchoateknowledge wrote:

Some people say that it is wrong for the government to spend much money on artistic projects, such as paintings and sculptures in public places."

"In public places, an adverbial phrase, modfies on artistic projects, an adjective phrase. "

"In public places, an adverbial phrase"

Yes, a locative adjunct

"in public places" "modfies on artistic projects, an adjective phrase" No

it modifies "paintings and sculptures"

artistic project is not an adjectival phrase.

"Project" is the head and is a noun, so it is a noun phrase.

I disagree.

If you take away such as paintings and sculptures, it will be on artistic projects in public places. In public places, adverb phrase, modifies, On artistic projects, adjective phrases.

on artistic projects modfies money.

Re: two questions for help, even if a hint

Inchoateknowledge — Tue, 12 Sep 2006 13:14:45 GMT

Some people say that it is wrong for the government to spend much money on artistic projects, such as paintings and sculptures in public places."

"In public places, an adverbial phrase, modfies on artistic projects, an adjective phrase. "

"In public places, an adverbial phrase"

Yes, a locative adjunct

"in public places" "modfies on artistic projects, an adjective phrase" No

it modifies "paintings and sculptures"

artistic project is not an adjectival phrase.

"Project" is the head and is a noun, so it is a noun phrase.

Re: complement

LearningNerd — Mon, 11 Sep 2006 20:23:11 GMT

Isn't "to have met you" a noun phrase (an infinitive phrase)? A clause requires a finite verb, and an infinitive ("to have") is a nonfinite verb.

Anyway, "to have met you" modifies the adjective "glad", so I guess it could be seen as a kind of adverb. Unfortunately, these grammatical terms can be really confusing. As Wikipedia points out here: "Object complements can often be removed leaving a well-formed sentence, thus the use of the term complement is slightly illogical." So, I guess the so-called "adjective complement" works the same way.

Besides that, it wouldn't be an adjunct because (according to Wikipedia) "an adjunct is a sentence element that establishes the circumstances in which the action or state expressed by the verb take place." So, unlike an adverb, an adjunct only modifies verbs, not adjectives.

I agree with you that it shouldn't be called a complement, but that's what the experts decided to call it.

EDIT: I had pointed out that removing "to have met you" would completely change the meaning of the sentence, but I realized (silly me) that removing any adjective or adverb would do the same.

So, "to have met you" isn't a complement in the strictest sense, but the term "complement" is used to describe more than one thing. Again, to quote Wikipedia: "In grammar the term complement is sometimes used with different meanings. . . . We find complements which function as a sentence element (i.e. of equal status to subjects and objects) and complements which exist within sentence elements."

Help

Jenniferandison — Fri, 18 Aug 2006 02:08:40 GMT

Hi,

Can someone please do these questions.

Question 1.

For each example below say wether the modifiers of the verb are
complements or adjuncts.

N B, Ignore the subject noun phrase
In each example the 'verb' is in bold.

1) Mm Makutsi WIELDED her knife expertly.
2) Mma Ramotswe always AVOIDED such people.
3) With a sudden movement Neil FLIPPED the stick over the snake's back.
4 He PRESSED the neck of the snake down against the floor.
5) this immediatly MADE the snake very angry...
6) She accidentally BUMPED another car outside the garage.
7) The two men MANOEUVRED the axle into the van in silence.
8) Everyone COULD undoubtedly BE weak and selfish so easily.
[treat could be as one verb]
9) The new book SOLD immediately to the authors eager readers.
10) A new filing cabinet WOULD KEEP our records safe and in good
condition in our absense.
[treat WOULD KEEP as one verb]

Question 2.

In not more than 50 words, explain your answer to (9) in Question 1.

Question 3.

Give one example of each of the following constructions.

1) COPULA DECLARITIVE NEGATIE EQUATIVE
2) NON-COPULA POSITIVE INTERROGATIVE [TAG] PASSIVE OBLIQUE OBJECT
3) COPULA NEGATIVE EXISTENTIAL INTERROGATIVE [YES-NO]
4) NON-COPULA MIDDLE DECLARITIVE NEGATIVE
5) NON-COPULA INTERROGATIVE [WH] TRANSITIVE LOCATIVE

Re: indirect object or adverbial ?

miriam — Fri, 07 Oct 2005 02:38:08 GMT

Hello, Hela.

Your analysis of the first sentence (I gave my sister a cat for her birthday) is correct. I'd be happy with calling the prepositional phrase "for her birthday" an adjunct (adverbial) of time, though some more accurate label may exist.

It's true that R. Quirk does not consider the sentence pattern SVOdOi. He'd call "to my sister" in your sentence #2 an adverbial. I am no grammarian, but I disagree. If "my sister" is the I.O. in the first sentence, why can't it still be I.O. in the second? There has been only a change of position of that noun phrase, but that does not involve a change in the meaning of the sentence. The indirect object needs to be introduced by a preposition (usually "to" or "for") when it is places after the D.O. To me, "to my sister" in sentence #2 is exactly the same I.O. as "my sister" in sentence #1.

The verb "give" in your second sentence is not complex transitive. Complex transitive verbs take both a direct object and an object complement, which is not the case here. If we follow Quirk and say that "my sister" is an adjunt (adverbial), then "give" is a monotransitive verb. If we say that "my sister" is the I.O. of give, then the verb is ditransitive: it takes two objects.

Your example #3 could be analysed in the same way, I think. "Of" is not the usual preposition that will introduce an I.O., so you can say that "of the Supreme Court Justice is an adjunct (adverbial). However, that structure might also be considered the I.O. of the sentence. You have two possible passive counterparts for your sentence: "The Supreme Court Justice was asked a question" and "A question was asked of the Supreme Court Justice!.

That said now, I think you can make your choice (I.O. or adverbial) and either should be ok, since both can be accounted for.

As a side note here, I'll mention that Quirk also poses a dilemma when it comes to analysing certain verbs such as "look at". He says that, in a sentence like "I'm looking at you", you can consider the preposition part of the verb, in which case "you" would be D.O. But, he says, you can also consider "at you" as a prepositional phrase, in which case it would be an adjunct (adverbial) modifying the verb "look".

Miriam

P.S. If "of the Supreme Court Justice" were an adverbial, as you say, I'm not sure what type it would be, but you can have adverbials of almost anything (yes, this is a bit of an overgeneralisation!). Perhaps one of target or goal if such things actually exist?

Re: Sinatra song

paco2004 — Mon, 06 Dec 2004 22:47:14 GMT

Hello CJ again, Thank you for the detailed explanation.

I'll review what you've taught me. "The thief would be nice to catch" sounds best fit the review, so please allow me to use it.
#1 (IC)[ to catch the thief] would be nice.
Here PRO means some person(s) and IC means an infinitive clause. Also denotes an implicit phrase.
#2 (It) would be nice (IC)[ to catch the thief].
Raise the object of the verb 'catch' in the infinitive clause to the position of the subject in the main clause, and then
#3 The thief would be nice (IC)[ to catch (trace)].
The IC appears, by the transformation, to get changed from a noun phrase to a complement (or adverbial adjunct phrase) of 'nice'.

For me, it takes a lot of brain works to find the sense of #1 in the form of #3. But it is English and so I'll try to understand it as it is.

paco