Search results for 'tag:Prepositional verbs tag:Articles' matching tags 'Prepositional verbs' and 'Articles'

Verbs

ganesh77 — Sun, 16 Mar 2008 09:38:41 GMT

The list isn't meant to be exhaustive or carefully arranged. Any additions, corrections or further examples would be welcomed.

1 main verbs; lexical verbs (all verbs which are not auxiliaries or modals)

2 action verbs; event verbs; dynamic verbs (a verb which can be used in continuous tenses) i.e. eat, run, talk

3 state of being verbs; existence verbs; state verbs; stative verbs; static verbs (a verb which describes a state and is not usually used in a continuous tense) i.e. be, own, know

4 regular verbs (a verb that has four forms and follows the normal rules)

5 irregular verbs; strong verbs (a verb not following the normal rules for inflection)

6 auxiliary and modal verbs (which make up verbal phrases) â 23 in total

7 linking verbs; copulative verbs; copulas (a verb which links the subject and complement of a clause) i.e. It is warm today.

8 transitive verbs (a verb used to talk about an action or event that involves more than one person or thing, and so is followed by an object) i.e. Sheâs wasting her money.

9 intransitive verbs (a verb used to talk about an action or event that only involved the subject and so has no object) i.e. She arrived.

10 multiword verbs

a type 1 â intransitive [phrasal verbs; adverb particle

b type 2 â transitive (inseparable) [prepositional verbs; preposition particles]

c type 3 â transitive (separable) [phrasal verbs; adverb particle]

d type 4 â transitive (with two inseparable particles) [phrasal-prepositional verbs; first particle is an adverb, second particle is a preposition]

11 compound verbs

12 delexical verbs (a verb which has very little meaning in itself but is used with an object to describe an action) i.e. She gave a small cry.

13 ditransitive verbs (a verb which can have both a direct and indirect object) i.e. She gave me a kiss.

14 ergative verbs (a verb which can be used transitively to focus on the performer of the action, or intransitively to focus on the thing affected by the action) i.e. He boiled the water. The water boiled.

15 reporting verbs; performance verbs; performative verbs (a verb used with a quote or a reported clause to describe what people say or think) i.e. suggest, say, wonder

16 reciprocal verbs (a verb which describes an action involving two people doing the same thing to each other) i.e. They met in the street.

17 reflexive verbs (a verb which is typically used with a reflexive pronoun) i.e. Donât cut yourself with that knife.

18 defective verbs (a verb without all the inflected forms of a regular verb) i.e. modals

19 finite and non-finite

a infinitives

b gerunds; verbal nouns

c participles

20 catenative verbs (a verb that takes other verb forms as objects; found at the head of a series of linked constructions) i.e. We agreed to try to decide to stop eating snacks.

21 causative verbs (a verb that designates the action necessary to cause another action to happen) i.e. The devil made me do it.

Re: Separable & Inseparable Phrasal Verbs

CalifJim — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 17:51:44 GMT

This Post:256204 may or may not be useful, as it is on a similar topic, but not the exact same one.
Check it out, noting later in the same thread:

"There are a number of particles (up, down, in, out, on, off, away, back) which should make us very suspicious that we are dealing with a separable phrasal verb, and a number of them (with, without, by, for, at, across, of, from, to, into) which almost certainly indicate a prepositional verb."

CJ

Re: Two grammar questions...

CalifJim — Thu, 26 Jul 2007 08:19:08 GMT

You should read this Post:256204. Here is just a part of it:

There are a number of particles (up, down, in, out, on, off, away, back) which should make us very suspicious that we are dealing with a separable phrasal verb, and a number of them (with, without, by, for, at, across, of, from, to, into) which almost certainly indicate a prepositional verb. But there are some strange cases!
_____

<>a. Pick up it (INCORRECT) Phrasal verb pick up. Object it must precede up.
b. Pick it up (correct)
c. Pick up the phone (correct)
d. Pick the phone up (correct)

Example two:

<>e. Looking at it (correct)
f. Looking it at (INCORRECT) Prepositional verb look at. Object it must follow at.
g. James handed in the report (the report is "it") (correct)
h. James handed it in (it is "the report") (correct)

i. James handed in it. (INCORRECT) Phrasal verb hand in. Object it must precede in.

CJ

Re: Differ between a preposition and an adverb in a phrasal verb.

CalifJim — Mon, 05 Feb 2007 20:59:03 GMT

I've just realized that just as a phrasal verb can be a combination of a verb + preposition OR adverb, a ...... verb (which is not a phrasal verb) can also be followed by a preposition OR adverb. So I shouldn't call it a "prepositional verb". What do we call it then?

A phrasal verb is a verb and an adverb (also called a particle). If it is composed of a verb and a preposition (followed by the object of the preposition), then it is not a phrasal verb.
Among the verbs which are not phrasal verbs are the majority of verbs - ordinary verbs.
Some phrasal verbs and some non-phrasal verbs have the property that they are virtually always followed by the same preposition (followed by an object of that preposition). This kind of verb is called a prepositional verb. Phrasal prepositional verbs: come up with, look down on Non-phrasal prepositional verbs: rely on, vouch for

Just because a phrasal or non-phrasal verb is used with a preposition doesn't mean it's a prepositional verb. It's just an ordinary verb (not a prepositional verb) if several different prepositions are possible with the same verb. (go into the house, go around the house, go toward the house)

Phrasal verbs can be transitive or intransitive. (They fell out. We threw out the trash.)
Prepositional verbs can be transitive or intransitive. (I rely on you. I congratulate you on your success.)
And, of course, all other ordinary verbs can be transitive or intransitive. (I slept. We found the book.)

Phrasal verbs can be idiomatic, and they usually are. (bring up children)
But phrasal verbs can be literal as well. (bring in the dog)

Prepositional verbs can be idiomatic. (come across an unusual flower)
But they are more often literal. (cure the child of measles, approve of that behavior)

The line between literal and idiomatic is rather blurry.

eg 1:
a) Charles came into a fortune = phrasal verb (= idiomatic) I'd say prepositional, intransitive, idiomatic.
b) Charles came into the room = prepositional verb (and not a phrasal verb since the preposition is not part of the verb, it's part of the adverbial, right?) I'd say ordinary, intransitive, literal: came into the room, came out of the room, came near the room, ...

eg 2:
a) I've been running up debts these days = phrasal verb Yes. Phrasal, transitive, idiomatic
b) I run up to get my Dady's wallet = (verb + adverb) â> "run up" here is neither a phrasal verb nor a prepositional verb, so what is it? Interpretation 1: Ordinary verb with an adverb of direction, intransitive, literal. Interpretation 2: Phrasal with "goal" particle instead of the usual "neutral" particle, intransitive, literal.

<>to look into a subject matter Prepositional, intransitive, idiomatic.
to come into a fortune (phrasal verbs = idiomatic meaning => inseparable, but I know that "into" is a preposition) Prepositional, intransitive, idiomatic.

to look into the hole Ordinary, intransitive, literal. look into the hole, look around the hole, look through the hole, look across the hole

to come into the room (prepositional verbs? = literal meaning = inseparable) Ordinary, intransitive, literal. come into ..., come out of ..., come toward ..., ...
to talk someone into something = phrasal verb (idiomatic) or prepositional verb (literal)? Prepositional, transitive, borderline idiomatic/literal. (Literally talking, but "talk into" as "persuade".)

CJ

(By the way, the transitive phrasal verbs, as defined and described above, are always "separable". And they are the only ones that are separable.)

Re: Differ between a preposition and an adverb in a phrasal verb.

Hela — Sun, 04 Feb 2007 09:28:34 GMT

Sorry Jim, the term "unreal phrasal verb" doesn't exist I've just made it up. What I wanted to do is to make the difference between verbs with an idiomatic meaning (= phrasal verbs) and verbs with a straightforward meaning (name ??)

I know though that in grammar we call "phrasal verbs" verbs with an adverbial particle and "prepositional verbs" verbs with a prepositional particle. But this is not my point.

eg: to look into a subject matter / to come into a fortune (phrasal verbs = idiomatic meaning => inseparable, but I know that "into" is a preposition)

to look into the hole / to come into the room (prepositional verbs? = literal meaning = inseparable)

to talk someone into something = phrasal verb (idiomatic) or prepositional verb (literal)?

Have a nice Sunday

Re: Phrasal verbs

CalifJim — Mon, 15 Jan 2007 03:33:43 GMT

How to generalize?

In the intransitive case there's no choice about placement of the object because there is no object.
In the transitive case there are three correct ways to structure the words.

pick up the pencil; pick the pencil up; pick it up
throw out the trash; throw the trash out; throw it out

Basically, the intransitives are inseparable and are prepositional verbs; the transitives are separable and are true phrasal verbs.

You might be interested in this. Post:256515

Note in particular:

There are a number of particles (up, down, in, out, on, off, away, back) which should make us very suspicious that we are dealing with a separable phrasal verb, and a number of them (with, without, by, for, at, across, of, from, to, into) which almost certainly indicate a prepositional verb.

Re: all the way home

CalifJim — Tue, 05 Sep 2006 18:13:41 GMT

all the way home is an adverbial phrase indicating during/along the entire trip/path/way to their home. It is a curious mix of adverb of place (path, actually) and adverb of time (period, actually). Individually, all is an adverb of degree (how much of the way?), the way is an article and noun used adverbially, and home is a noun used adverbially (to where?).

There was a fly in my soup. (A fly was in my soup.) I [saw / realized / understood] that this was a fact (was true). Hence, I saw that (there was a fly in my soup). You can leave out the complementizer that: I saw there was a fly in my soup.

to get to in to get to school is not a phrasal verb. It's a prepositional verb. to get to (school) = to go to and successfully arrive at (school). (to get) (to school), not (to get to) (school).

By the way, phrasal verbs consisting of a verb and to are very rare.

Does that help?

CJ

Re: Differ between a preposition and an adverb in a phrasal verb.

CalifJim — Wed, 16 Aug 2006 17:15:17 GMT

They set a riot off seems acceptable, even though our preference seems to be for They set off a riot. (Note the article.) Here it is the selectional criteria that may be interfering. Substitute bomb for riot, and both They set off a bomb and They set a bomb off are fine, neither seeming to be necessarily much preferred over the other. In many cases, however, there is a preferred word order even when two different possibilities are present.

It is almost the mark of a truly phrasal verb (transitive) that it is separable.
It is almost the mark of a truly prepositional verb that it is inseparable.

Yet, there are indeterminate, shadowy cases - cases where the verb seems more phrasal (and idiomatic) than prepositional and yet is inseparable and acts in some ways like a prepositional verb.

How did he come by that fortune? How did he come by it? *How did he come it by?

There are a number of particles (up, down, in, out, on, off, away, back) which should make us very suspicious that we are dealing with a separable phrasal verb, and a number of them (with, without, by, for, at, across, of, from, to, into) which almost certainly indicate a prepositional verb. But there are some strange cases!

CJ

Re: Differ between a preposition and an adverb in a phrasal verb.

CalifJim — Wed, 16 Aug 2006 17:12:59 GMT

Re: Differ between a preposition and an adverb in a phrasal verb.

CalifJim — Tue, 15 Aug 2006 18:12:24 GMT

What you call a "phrasal verb with a preposition" doesn't seem correct.
A verb-plus-preposition structure like expand on is usually called a prepositional verb.
Only a verb-plus-adverb structure like catch on is usually called a phrasal verb.
These are the terms I'll use below.

In the case of an intransitive like catch on, nothing resembling an object follows on, so it can't be a prepositional verb. It's a phrasal verb, not a prepositional verb.

It didn't take long for the hula-hoop craze to catch on in the 1950's.

The more difficult cases are when the phrasal verb (if it is one) has an object.

How do we identify ~~that~~ whether the word following the verb in a phrasal verb is an adverb or a preposition?

Let's use the example found in Radford's book Transformational Grammar.

The drunks would get off the bus. (prepositional verb)
The drunks would put off the customers. (phrasal verb)

Here are some tests:

1. If you can substitute other PPs (prepositional phrases) and get a parallel meaning, it's a prepositional verb. If you get nonsense or a new idiomatic meaning, it's a phrasal verb.
If the verb component of the phrase has a more-or-less constant meaning no matter what follows, it's a prepositional verb. If the meaning changes unpredictably, it's a phrasal verb.

The drunks would get off the bus. The drunks would get on the bus.
The drunks would put off the customers. ???The drunks would put on the customers. The drunks would put on dirty clothes.

2. If the range of complements that go with the verb phrase are similar with different prepositions, it's a prepositional verb. If the complements that make sense with the verb phrase change when you change the particle, it's a phrasal verb.

The drunks would get off the bus, off the train, off the plane.
The drunks would get on the bus, on the train, on the plane.

The drunks would put off the customers, put off the shoppers, put off the people nearby.
The drunks would put on dirty clothes, strange hats, wild-looking ties.

3. If you can move the whole structure that looks like a PP to another part of the sentence, it's a prepositional verb. If you can't move the PP, then it's not really a PP, and you have a phrasal verb.

Off the bus the drunks would get.
*Off the customers the drunks would put.

4. If you can use the PP as a fragment in the answer to a question, it's a prepositional verb; else, it's a phrasal verb.

-- Did they get off the train?
-- No, off the bus.

-- Did they put off the waitresses?
-- *No, off the customers.

5. If you can insert a verb-phrase adverb like quickly, slowly, or completely between the verb and the particle, then it's a prepositional verb; else, it's a phrasal verb.

The drunks got slowly off the bus.
*The drunks put completely off the customers.

6. If you can use and to combine the PP with another PP just like it, it's a prepositional verb; else it's a phrasal verb.

They got off the bus and off the train.
*They put off the waitresses and off the customers.

7. If you can omit the verb, keeping the particle, in an elliptical construction, it's a prepositional verb; else it's a phrasal verb.

Drunks would get off the bus, and junkies off the train.
*Drunks would put off the customers, and junkies off the waitresses.

8. If you can use a pronomial object in the PP without placing the pronoun before the particle, it's a prepositional verb; else it's a phrasal verb.

The trouble with the bus was that drunks would want to get off it every few miles.
*What worries us about the customers is whether drunks would put off them.

(The reverse works as well. When you place the pronoun before the particle, only the phrasal verb will be correct in the intended reading.)

*The trouble with the bus was that drunks would want to get it off every few miles.
What worries us about the customers is whether drunks would put them off.

CJ