If the punctuation logically belongs to the bracketed part (alone) then put it inside the brackets. Otherwise, put it outside the brackets. I can't think of any situation when a trailing comma would be placed inside a closing bracket.

1 A dog's brain is disproportionately small (compared) to the size of head. Among mammals, a dog's brain is disproportionately small for his head. 2 She knows him so well as to be able to write a message in his place and people would

Yes. In fact, I prefer the sentence without that comma.* While we're talking about punctuation, your question isn't punctuated correctly. You are joining two independent clauses with a comma. This is known as a "comma

Good opening sentence, but I would cut it in half. Example: These television programs are about surviving in the wild with little or no food, fresh water, or even shelter. (notice that a comma is not necessary after the word wild). It's up to

Tony Cooper wrote on 31 May 2004: How can mistakes be incorrigible? Their maker is too stupid to understand how to correct them. Want a second shot at that? No. I don't need to take writing lessons from you. You might want to aim at the maker

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