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<rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"><channel><title>Search results for 'tag:Sample' matching tag 'Sample'</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/search/pro.htm?q=tag%3aSample&amp;tag=Sample&amp;orTags=0</link><description>Search results for 'tag:Sample' matching tag 'Sample'</description><dc:language>en-US</dc:language><generator>CSMOD (Build: 3191.21962)</generator><item><title>pls help</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/PlsHelp/gprnb/post.htm</link><pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2008 04:55:05 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:575043</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;font&gt;Please send us the copy of AWB for the&amp;nbsp;transportation cost for your debit note no. ***, ***, and ***. Would you please also advise what is the purpose to sent them by the courier (i.e. shipment sample, approval sample ... etc) to refresh our memory to&amp;nbsp;expedite&amp;nbsp;the payment settlement, because most of them are in 2006 - 2007.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: Please help me to check English grammar</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/CheckEnglishGrammar/gprlz/post.htm#575013</link><pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2008 02:27:18 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:575013</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>Hello,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I updated my text. The new version of the text:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Normal 0   false false false        MicrosoftInternetExplorer4          &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align:center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;Report Proposal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align:center;" align="center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align:center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;Topic D: Weather Forecasts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Step 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Before we do data analysis in this report we have to be certain we understand the questions we need to answer&lt;/span&gt;. Two recommended questions are provided in the reportâs instructions.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;There are several issues needed to be addressed first before answering the questions. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;We need some data for this analysis. We need to know how we are going to collect the data, for which regions we are going to collect it and who the authority on providing accurate daily temperature forecasts is. Also we need to know what is the population on which we going to project our inferences, if we are going to collect the data &lt;/span&gt;ourselves or use the data collected by another source.&lt;span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Whether or not data samples can be selected randomly from the population, what samplesâ sizes we are going to use and if independent data samples can be obtained. So we need to design an experiment to collect the data making sure itâs accurate, relevant and does not violate any of the assumptions in our analysis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The first question we are going to answer in the report states that we need to determine if forecast maximum daily temperatures significantly different from true maximum temperatures. How do we determine what difference between these temperatures is significant? Do we use a conservative approach or a larger difference in temperatures is acceptable for this analysis? Similarly, we need to decide on level of significance to use in our hypothesis tests.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Once accurate and relevant data samples are collected and the calculations are carried out we then need to interpret our findings and draw a conclusion. The following issues need to be considered: can we use our findings for the future temperature forecasts in the two regions? For immediate future only e.g. for the next 10 years? Can we assume our findings are applicable to the period when temperature forecasts were at an early stage in the two regions of interest? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Furthermore, if it is found that the proportions of correct forecast temperatures differ for the two regions significantly then what do we do next? We assume this fact or do we investigate further to determine the cause for this difference? &lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align:center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Step &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;In this hypothesis test I will use conservative measure with &lt;em&gt;the average&lt;/em&gt; of differences of 2 degrees Celsius or more (â¥2) between forecast maximum daily temperatures and true maximum temperatures to be considered significantly different. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;In hypothesis test I am going to use 5% significance level to determine wether &lt;em&gt;the average&lt;/em&gt; of differences between forecast maximum daily temperatures and true daily maximum temperatures recorded for each region is significantly different.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Assume the average of differences between the temperatures is equal to or less than 2 degrees in Celsius. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;:&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;Î¼&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;â¤ 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;:&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;Î¼ &amp;gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Î¼ is the average of differences between forecast maximum daily temperatures and true daily maximum temperatures recorded for each region.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;To determine if proportions of correct forecast temperatures (to within 1 degree Celsius) are the same for the two regions I will use the following hypothesis test:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;:&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;Ï&lt;sub&gt;1 &lt;/sub&gt;= Ï&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;=&amp;gt; H&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;: Ï&lt;sub&gt;1 &lt;/sub&gt;- Ï&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;= 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;: Ï&lt;sub&gt;1 &lt;/sub&gt;â  Ï&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;=&amp;gt; H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;: Ï&lt;sub&gt;1 &lt;/sub&gt;- Ï&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;â  0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Ï is proportion of the population of correct forecast temperatures to within 1 degree Celsius.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Also I will calculate 99% confidence intervals for the average of differences between forecast maximum daily temperatures and true daily maximum temperatures recorded for each region.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The assumptions for the hypothesis tests are:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Two data samples are randomly selected;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Two data samples are independent. Two sets of data were produced by two different meteorological stations for two different regions;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Two sampling distributions of the means for temperature differences are approximately normally distributed. By Central Limit Theorem this condition will be met if the samplesâ sizes are sufficiently large (n â¥ 30). Our samplesâ sizes will be at least 30.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Step 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In this report I will use data I have obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. The Bureau keeps archives of historical data on climate statistics for various locations around Australia and provides it to the public on request.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In Australia there are regional meteorological stations responsible for reporting weather forecasts for their respective regions. I obtained the data for Adelaide metropolitan area produced by Kent Town meteorological station (station number: 23090) and for Perth metropolitan area produced by Perth East meteorological station (station number: 9225) for the period of 01/01/2006 - 24/07/2008. &lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The two meteorological stations forecast highest and lowest temperatures for the next 3 days each day and update their weather forecast reports several times during 24 hours. The latest weather forecast update for the day is done in late afternoon or during evening. In this report I will use latest updates on weather forecasts released by the meteorological stations during the days for the following days. In doing so I will ensure that the latest, most accurate and consistent temperature forecast readings are used in our data analysis. &lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;I have also obtained a file of historical records on the actual highest and lowest temperatures recorded in Adelaide metropolitan and Perth metropolitan areas for the period of 01/01/2006 - 25/07/2008. In total there are 937 temperature records for each region. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;I used random generator to randomly select 30 dates from the period of 01/01/2006 - 24/07/2008 for each region separately. I then, for each region, selected a pair of temperature records from the two data sets for each randomly selected date&lt;span&gt;: the maximum temperature recorded on a selected day and the maximum forecast temperature on the previous date during the evening of the selected date. Once random pairs of records for each region are determined then I calculated the differences between the temperaturesâ pairs taking absolute magnitude of each value to account for the negative differences e.g. when forecast temperature is underestimated. &lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Finally, I assorted the list of differences in ascending order. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The archive of files of raw data I obtained from &lt;/span&gt;the Australian Bureau of Meteorology is located at &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.spunge.org/%7Ealexg/008_markin.zip"&gt;http://www.spunge.org/~alexg/008_markin.zip&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Data of randomly selected dates and computed differences between the temperatures for the dates is located at &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;http://www.spunge.org/~alexg/data_forecast.xls&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Step 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;I will use MS Excel 2003 to carry out necessary calculations once two data samples are randomly selected and presented in appropriate form for statistical analysis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;For hypothesis tests and for 99% confidence intervals I will use PHStat2 package (add-in for Excel) which comes with various statistical functions and procedures producing quality outputs. A free version of the package can be obtained from &lt;a href="http://www.prenhall.com/phstat/"&gt;http://www.prenhall.com/phstat/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The assumptions for hypothesis tests I have described above which are:&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Two data samples are randomly selected;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Two data samples are independent. Two sets of data were produced by two different meteorological stations for two different regions;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The two sampling distributions of the means for temperature differences are approximately normally distributed. By Central Limit Theorem this condition will be met if the samplesâ sizes are sufficiently large (n â¥ 30).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;In this analysis the population is all available forecast temperatures ever produced by the two meteorological stations for the two regions. A large sample of 937 temperature records I obtained is not really entire population. However, knowledge and expertise as well technological advances in meteorology have changed significantly in the last 30-40 years. This factor has to be taken into account and probably only a subset of the entire population e.g. all forecast temperatures reports produced in the last 10 years for the two regions would be more appropriate for our analysis. As these forecasts are more accurate and consistent for the current period of time. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Please help me to check English grammar</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/CheckEnglishGrammar/gprzh/post.htm</link><pubDate>Thu, 09 Oct 2008 19:20:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:574913</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>Hello,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have written a short draft which I am going to use in my report. I am not native English speaker and I make grammatical errors in my writing. Could someone help me to check grammar in this draft please? Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Report Proposal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Topic D: Weather Forecasts&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Step 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Before we do data analysis in this report we need to be certain we understand the questions we need to answer. Two recommended questions are provided in the reportâs instructions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are several issues needed to be addressed first before answering the questions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We need some data for this analysis. We need to know how we are going to collect the data and for which regions we are going to collect the data. Also, we need to know who the authority on providing accurate daily temperature forecasts is. What is the population on which we going to project our inferences. How are we are going to produce samples of data for our analysis: ourselves or use the data from another source. Whether or not the data samples can be selected randomly. What sample size we are going to use. If two data samples can be obtained from two independent sources. So we need to design an experiment to collect the data making sure itâs accurate, relevant and does not violate any of the assumptions of our analysis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first question we are going to answer states that we need to determine if forecast maximum daily temperatures significantly different from true maximum temperatures. How do we determine what difference in these temperatures is significant? Do we use a conservative approach or a larger difference in temperatures is acceptable for this analysis? Similarly, we need to decide what of level of significance to use in our hypothesis tests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Once accurate and relevant data samples are collected and the calculations are carried out we then need to interpret our findings and draw a conclusion. The following questions need to be considered: can we use our findings for the future temperature forecasts in the two regions? For immediate future only, for the next 10 years? Can we assume our findings are applicable to the period when temperature forecasts were at an early stage in the two regions of interest? &lt;br /&gt;Furthermore, if it is found that the proportions of correct forecast temperatures differ for the two regions significantly then what do we do next? We assume this fact or do we investigate further to determine the cause for this difference?&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Step 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this hypothesis test I will use a conservative measure with the average of differences of 2 degrees Celsius or more (â¥2) between forecast maximum daily temperatures and true maximum temperatures to be considered significantly different. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In hypothesis test I am going to use 5% significance level to determine wether the average of differences between forecast maximum daily temperatures and true daily maximum temperatures recorded for each region is significantly different.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Assume the average of differences between the temperatures is equal to or less than 2 degrees in Celsius. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;H0: Î¼ â¤ 2 &lt;br /&gt;H1: Î¼ &amp;gt; 2 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Î¼ is the average of differences between forecast maximum daily temperatures and true daily maximum temperatures recorded for each region.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To determine if proportions of correct forecast temperatures (to within 1 degree Celsius) are the same between the two regions I will use the following hypothesis test:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;H0: Ï1 = Ï2&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt; H0: Ï1 - Ï2&amp;nbsp; = 0&lt;br /&gt;H1: Ï1 â  Ï2&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt; H1: Ï1 - Ï2&amp;nbsp; â  0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ï is proportion of the population of correct forecast temperatures to within 1 degree Celsius.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Furthermore, I will calculate 99% confidence intervals for the average of differences between forecast maximum daily temperatures and true daily maximum temperatures recorded for each region.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The assumptions for the hypothesis tests are:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two data samples are randomly selected;&lt;br /&gt;Two data samples are independent. Two sets of data were produced by two different meteorological stations for two different regions;&lt;br /&gt;Two sampling distributions of the means for temperature differences are approximately normally distributed. By Central Limit Theorem this condition will be met if the samplesâ sizes are sufficiently large (n â¥ 30). Our samplesâ size will be at least 30.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Step 3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this report I will use data I have obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. The Bureau keeps archives of historical data on climate statistics for various locations around Australia and provides it to the public on request.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;In Australia there are regional meteorological stations responsible for reporting weather forecasts for their respective regions. I obtained the data for Adelaide metropolitan area produced by Kent Town meteorological station (station number: 23090) and for Perth metropolitan area produced by Perth East meteorological station (station number: 9225) for the period of 01/01/2006 - 24/07/2008.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The two meteorological stations forecast highest and lowest temperatures for the next 3 days each day and update their weather forecast reports several times during 24 hours. The latest weather forecast update for the day is done in late afternoon or during evening. In this report I will use latest updates on weather forecasts released by the meteorological stations during the days for the following days. In doing so I will ensure that the latest, most accurate and consistent temperature forecast readings are used in our data analysis.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have also obtained a file of historical records on the actual highest and lowest temperatures recorded in Adelaide metropolitan and Perth metropolitan areas for the period of 01/01/2006 - 25/07/2008. In total there are 937 temperature records for each region. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I used random generator to randomly select 30 dates from the period of 01/01/2006 - 24/07/2008 for each region separately. I then, for each region, selected a pair of temperature records from the two data sets for each randomly selected date: the maximum temperature recorded on a selected day and the maximum forecast temperature on the previous date during the evening of the selected date. Once random pairs of records for each region are determined then I calculated the differences between the temperatures pairs taking absolute magnitude for each value to account for some negative results e.g. when forecast temperature is underestimated.&amp;nbsp; I assorted the list of differences in ascending order. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The archive of files of raw data I obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology is located at &lt;br /&gt;http://www.spunge.org/~alexg/008_markin.zip&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data of randomly selected dates and computed differences between the temperatures for the dates is located at &lt;br /&gt;http://www.spunge.org/~alexg/data_forecast.xls&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Step 4&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Once two data samples are randomly selected and presented in appropriate form for statistical analysis Excel 2003 will be used to carry out necessary calculations. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For hypothesis tests and for 99% confidence intervals I will use PHStat2 package (add-in for Excel) which comes with various statistical functions and procedures producing quality outputs. A free version of the package can be obtained from http://www.prenhall.com/phstat/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The assumptions for hypothesis tests I have described above which are:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two data samples are randomly selected;&lt;br /&gt;Two data samples are independent. Two sets of data were produced by two different meteorological stations for two different regions;&lt;br /&gt;The two sampling distributions of the means for temperature differences are approximately normally distributed. By Central Limit Theorem this condition will be met if the samplesâ sizes are sufficiently large (n â¥ 30).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this analysis the population is all available forecast temperatures ever produced by the two meteorological stations for the two regions. A large sample of 937 temperature records I obtained is not really entire population. However, knowledge and expertise as well technological advances in meteorology have changed significantly in the last 30-40 years. This factor has to be taken into account and probably a subset of the entire population, all forecast temperatures reports produced in the last 10 years for the two regions, for example, would be more appropriate for our analysis. As forecasts are more accurate and consistent for the current period of time. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: Sample sponsorship letter</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/SampleSponsorshipLetter/gxqrl/post.htm#574543</link><pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 19:07:15 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:574543</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>Dear Sir, My name is BT with &lt;span style="color:#737373;"&gt;[a website]&lt;/span&gt; and I am a representative for the Cleveland based band, XYZ.&amp;nbsp; XYZ is a rapidly growing group of talented musicians.&amp;nbsp; The band has seen rapid growth in their fan base, and are attracting a great crowd every time they play.&amp;nbsp; XYZ&amp;#39;s demographics (18 to 29) seem to match yours very well and I think that we could help increase your sales with promotion of your product and our band.&amp;nbsp; XYZ has expressed their love for your product and __________________.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; XYZ is looking for not only monetary sponsorship but possible discounts and free merchandise would be appreciated.&amp;nbsp; Any promotional material that could be used at our shows would be displayed proudly along with_________________________.&amp;nbsp; Any monies given would be used to help fund a tour to help increase the fan base and _____________.&amp;nbsp; I would appreciate if you would get back to me with any information regarding this potential partnership</description></item><item><title>Re: Rather,Either, Whether , Could , Would , Might</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/RatherEitherWhetherCouldWould-Might/gxpmb/post.htm#574448</link><pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 13:38:26 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:574448</guid><dc:creator>Mister Micawber</dc:creator><description>.&lt;br /&gt;Your request is far too general, manee.&amp;nbsp; Start with the &lt;a href="http://www.onelook.com/" target="_blank" title="http://www.onelook.com/"&gt;DICTIONARY&lt;/a&gt; and try writing some sample sentences.&amp;nbsp; If you post them here, we will check them for you and try to point out any mistakes in usage.&lt;br /&gt;.</description></item><item><title>non objection letter</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/NonObjectionLetter/gxkzb/post.htm</link><pubDate>Fri, 03 Oct 2008 20:06:10 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:572884</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>hi&lt;br /&gt;how to write a letter to my employer&amp;nbsp; for asking non objection letter for my family visa. and also required a letter for explaining the salary and profession. looking a sample letter for above matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;rgds</description></item><item><title>Re: Salary increment letter</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/SalaryIncrementLetter/16/gxjxc/Post.htm#572749</link><pubDate>Fri, 03 Oct 2008 11:27:12 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:572749</guid><dc:creator>Mister Micawber</dc:creator><description>.&lt;br /&gt;To both of you:&amp;nbsp; there are &lt;strong&gt;13 pages&lt;/strong&gt; to this thread, and many sample letters in it-- please choose the best one and change the names and numbers to suit your own situation.&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: Salary increment letter</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/SalaryIncrementLetter/16/gxjkn/Post.htm#572692</link><pubDate>Fri, 03 Oct 2008 05:51:41 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:572692</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>pleas send sample for salary increment letter. i am working as store keeper completed my probotion period of 8 months&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;thanking you</description></item><item><title>please send me a sample writing sponsor letter to embassy for apply visa</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/SendSampleWritingSponsorLetter-EmbassyApplyVisa/gxwrj/post.htm</link><pubDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2008 13:40:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:572229</guid><dc:creator>estherlow35</dc:creator><description>Hi.. can you please help me ? is urgent. I need a sample write a formal sponsor letter, as my father will sponsor me money to go to Japan for holiday. I need write a sponsor letter to the embassy for apply Japan visa Pleas someone can help?</description></item><item><title>How I Teach Literature</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/HowITeachLiterature/gxhpg/post.htm</link><pubDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2008 11:36:44 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:572192</guid><dc:creator>ms.s</dc:creator><description>&lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font&gt;I wanted to share one strategy on how will I teach &lt;span id="lw_1222860780_0"&gt;Literature&lt;/span&gt; to my students in the future. My chosen selection was &amp;quot;&lt;span&gt;The Last Leafâ by &lt;span id="lw_1222860780_1"&gt;O. Henry&lt;/span&gt;. I focused on the creative level of reading wherein I asked my students to relate a quotation and illustrate by giving examples based on real life on how they understood the story. My sample finished product looked like this:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt;â&lt;span id="lw_1222860780_2"&gt;The Last Leaf&lt;/span&gt;â by O. Henry is one our literary selections tackled when I was in third year which I can relate to the quotation above. The main character here loses hope in her life because of failures in painting which is her source of income and wanting to die, until her neighbor changes this when he painted a leaf which became an inspiration for her which caused the neighbor to die. The main character now realizes that she needed to continue her life with a purpose now.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt;I also can illustrate the life of a Manilyn Monroe. She should have been very lucky in her time because she had things more than enough for her. She had a very good life, sheâs rich and popular. But at her peak of success she committed suicide. She is an example of a person living with out a sense and wasted her life easily. Her life must have been very bad. She is not only the person who commits suicide but many people around the world. These people may not know really how to live and these people may not know God.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quotation:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;font&gt;âWe are always getting ready to live but never living.â&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="lw_1222860780_3"&gt;Ralph Waldo Emerson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Explanation:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt;The quotation means that all people are living just because they need to live. They live because it is the fact of life and they donât have any choice. They donât have any purposes in living. They donât know why and how living life to the fullest of what you are. In this world all of us are living because it is what we are used to but not realizing that living has deeper meaning than that. Life is a wonderful thing God had given us so we shouldnât waste it after all. We must give the best shot in every moment we live because this life is only once that is given.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt;On earth each of us has a work to do before our lives have done. We are the ones who make out of our life and the ones responsible for it. &lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Yet, we donât really know the difference of live from living. Live for an ordinary person is like living with out a God. Their life doesnât have directions and they are living in a miserable life, while living is having a beautiful life with God and a bright future.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt;In conclusion, we live because we have a purpose here on earth. That is why we are living because we believe that there is a God who made us having a plan for us.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font&gt;This was the tangible product that I expect from my students to confer with. This shall be included in my lesson plan if I had given the chance to execute the teaching. I hope you can give insights on what should I improve and modify. Thank you and have a nice day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:left;"&gt;Sincerely,&lt;br /&gt;Kahren Sagun&lt;br /&gt;3rd Year BSE Major in English &lt;br /&gt;University of Santo Tomas Philippines&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span id="lw_beacon_1222860787505"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div id="lwPreview"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>