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<rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"><channel><title>Search results for 'tag:Spelling tag:Football' matching tags 'Spelling' and 'Football'</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/search/pro.htm?q=tag%3aSpelling+tag%3aFootball&amp;tag=Spelling,Football&amp;orTags=0</link><description>Search results for 'tag:Spelling tag:Football' matching tags 'Spelling' and 'Football'</description><dc:language>en-US</dc:language><generator>CSMOD (Build: 3191.21962)</generator><item><title>Please proof read my report</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/PleaseProofReadMyReport/zgpvx/post.htm</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Dec 2007 03:40:06 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:451500</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;I am dyslexic and find proof-reading really hard. Please proof-read my work. I know that its kind of long, but its all in 3rd person and under the right headings etc. its only the prose and silly spelling mistakes&amp;nbsp;I am conserned with which would be obvious to others. Thankyou so much. Obviously the stats arent relevent at all but thought that it might be really annoying reading something so out of context.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;DIV class=Section1&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;U&gt;Introduction&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Due to social and media pressures the ideal body shape is becoming thinner and this contributes to eating disorders in both males and females Harrison &amp;amp; Cantor (1997).&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Anorexia nervosa is defined by the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) as being 15% under recommended weight for height, age and gender. The patient also has to have a distorted body view and a drive to become thin.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Gordon, (2000) states the ratio of females suffering from an eating disorder compared to males at 9-1. He recognises a gender difference in eating disorders but urges people to acknowledge the existence of the male sufferers. He describes a male patient had visiting a doctor, who had replied to the patients anorexia as âa problem that only happens to girlsâ. He claims that being labelled as suffering with a âfemaleâ disorder can lead to the male feeling ashamed and emasculated and therefore more hesitant to get help, and for this reason some believe that male anorexia is largely unreported. Gordon claims this feeling of shame is enhanced when even female anorexics are judgemental at group therapy. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;This negative attitude towards male anorexia causes health risks. It may result in professionals and the males themselves not recognising their early symptoms and therefore may develop chronic anorexia nervosa before they are diagnosed. (Margo, 1987, cited in BMA publication 2000) &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=MsoBodyText2&gt;Whitney et al (2005) studies individual experiences of people who carers of anorexic people. The femalesâ reports were more emotional than the males who appeared to be less attached with a less sympathetic viewpoint, suggesting males have a more negative attitude towards anorexia nervosa than females do.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Support that males have unhealthy eating patterns in addition to females comes from Forman-Hoffman (2004) who conducted a study involving 9,118 adolescents, 7.3% of females and 3.1% of males reported unhealthy eating patterns over the previous week. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;However, theory correlates with the attitudes as many eating disorder theories are specific to women. For example some psychoanalysists argue that anorexia nervosa is developed during whilst females experience separation anxiety from their mothers. (Darvell, BMA, 2000)&lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Literature on male anorexia nervosa is limited and there does not appear to be any prior research into the difference between attitudes towards male anorexia nervosa and gender. Furthermore, there appears to be a fair amount of ignorance when it comes to male anorexia nervosa, present in medical professionals as well as psychological theories not even accepting its existence might be suggesting that additional education about male anorexia needs to be put into place.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;To clarify an attitude is a negative, positive or neural feeling towards an âattitude objectâ, which does not have to be a physical object; it could be an event for example. Attitudes are formed by affective and cognitive responses and behavioural intentions. The following study only examines explicit attitudes, which are attitudes which are self-reported, which can be easily measured on a likert scale.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The aim of this study is to investigate the different attitudes towards male anorexia nervosa between males and females by use of a questionnaire will remain reliable over time. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The hypothesis for this study is gender will affect attitudes towards males suffering from anorexia nervosa. &lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;U&gt;Method&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;50 male and 50 female students were selected by opportunity sampling to be participants for the study. Each participant was asked to fill out two questionnaires a week apart. The males were either part of a university football club or an engineering society, while the females were psychology students. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;A 5-point likert scale was used.. The questionnaire used 18 affective, 18 behavioural and 14 cognitive. 25 of the questions were testing for a negative attitude, and 25 for a positive attitude. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The first questionnaire conducted had 50 questions but after the analysis had been carried out questions were removed from the questionnaire. Below is a table showing the removed items and why they were removed.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;


&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Item Number deleted&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Item Question&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Exclusion Method&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;1&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would not find it odd if a straight male told me he longed to have the body shape of another male.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;4&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I believe any man with an eating disorder is not a âreal manâ.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3,4&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;It would not affect me if I heard a close male friend had dealt with anorexia alone&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;5&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;If a male told me he desired to be a underweight body size it would be fine with me.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1,3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;7&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would be more worried about a female who was not eating than I would a male.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1,3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;9&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would feel more uncomfortable discussing a maleâs body shape with himself than I would a femaleâs body shape with herself.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;10&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would be equally worried about a male who wasnât eating just as much as I would a female.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1,3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;11&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would feel unsympathetic to a male with anorexia.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1,3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;12&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The gender of a person would not affect how much I would intervene if they were suffering with anorexia.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;13&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I believe males who suffer from anorexia are effeminate.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;15&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I believe all males with anorexia are attention seeking.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;4&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;16&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would actively try to discourage a male friend that I was worried was anorexic.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;4&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;17&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would be equally likely to assume a male had an eating disorder than a female.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1,3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;18&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would be just as likely call a female friend âfatâ as I would a male friend.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1,3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;19&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would try to be supportive to any friend or family member with anorexia.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;20&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would reassure a female friend that she is not overweight just as much as I would a male.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;23&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would feel ill at ease if a male told me he desired to be a worryingly underweight weight.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1,3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;24&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I believe only homosexual males suffer from anorexia.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;4&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;25&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would not be supportive to any friend or family member with anorexia.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1,3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;26&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I believe it is unlikely that a male that suffers with anorexia would be good at football.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1,3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;29&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would spend as much time with a clinically underweight male as I would with a male of normal weight.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;34&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would feel upset if I felt a close male friend or family member had suffered from anorexia alone.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;35&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I believe anorexic males should be treated differently than anorexic females.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;4&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;37&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would reassure an insecure average/ underweight male that he is not overweight as much as I would a female.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2,3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;38&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I do not believe male anorexic is related to testosterone levels.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;39&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would be more likely to call a male friend âfatâ in a jokey manner.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;40&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I would be faster to assume an underweight female has an eating disorder than I would a male.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1,2,3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;45&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I believe anorexic males should be treated the same as anorexic females.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;49&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;It is just as normal for a male to suffer with anorexia as it is a female.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;50&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I believe it is weirder for a male to suffer from anorexia than it is for a female.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1, 3&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;I&gt;Table 1 â A table showing the deleted items and reason for exclusion, 1 = Excluded due to mean, 2=Excluded due to standard deviation 3=Excluded due to item total correlation, 4= Other reasons, mainly qualitative (ie: Participants commented question was unclear or did not appear attitudes towards anorexia well)&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The overall design was a survey. The independent variables (IVs) of this study were gender of the participant and which questionnaire was completed. Gender is a between subjects IV, which has two levels; male and female. Which questionnaire completed is within subject IV, as each participant completed both questionnaires. This IV has two levels, the first questionnaire and the second questionnaire. The dependent variable (DV) is the scores on the questionnaire. The predictor variable (PV) in this study was the scores of the first questionnaire, while the criterion variable (CV) in this study was the scores of the second questionnaire.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The participantsâ details were anonymous and were only identified by their mothersâ maiden name and consent was gained from all participants involved who were briefed beforehand and understood that they could withdraw at any time.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;First a questionnaire was constructed by brainstorming statements indicated positive and negative attitudes towards male anorexia nervosa and a mixture of affective, behavioural and cognitive, (18,18,14 respectively) with 25 negative attitude questions and 25 positive attitude was deliberately used. Then the questionnaire was typed up with a 5-point likert scale, with the options of â1. Strongly Disagreeâ, â2. Disagreeâ, â3. Neither Agree Nor Disagreeâ â4. Agreeâ â5. Strongly Agreeâ beneath each question. A brief and a form of keeping the participants details anonymous by using their motherâs maiden name, was also constructed and then potential participants were approached and asked to partake in the study. Once 50 male students and 50 female students had completed the questionnaire the results were coded into numbers as shown above. Then the negative attitude questions were recoded so that 5=1, 4=2, 3=3, 2=4 and 1=5, and then the questionnaires were both qualitatively and quantitatively analysed. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Qualitative analysis was done by looking at the questionnairesâ results and seeing if there was any reason why any particular question shouldnât be there. For example, if most people selected âneither agree nor disagreeâ then the question clearly did not serve its purpose. Quantitative analysis involved looking at the mean, and deleting any items which lay considerably outside 2.5-3.5 margins. Any items with a significantly larger standard deviation or lower correlation figures were also deleted. Then with the questions deleted new quantitative analysis was conducted to check that the results were significant. Then the questionnaire was handed out to the same participants to complete. The second set of data was then reanalysed and a t-test was carried out to compare the totals of each participant for either questionnaire to check the questionnaire was reliable over time, and Leveneâs test was perform to check for a homogeneity of variance. None of the participants where told we were comparing male and female attitudes until after the questionnaires were completed at which point they could disagree for their data to be used.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;U&gt;Results&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;Descriptive Statistics from 1&lt;SUP&gt;st&lt;/SUP&gt; Questionnaire after items removed&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;


&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Item&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Mean&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Std. Deviation&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item4&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.57&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.07&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item6&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.76&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.00&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item8&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.35&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.98&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item14&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.41&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.03&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item21&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.33&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.00&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item22&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.25&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.86&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item27&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.15&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.09&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item28&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.45&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.13&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item30&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.95&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.11&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item31&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.92&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.99&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item32&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.03&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.13&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item33&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.43&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.07&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item36&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.96&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.03&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item41&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.47&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.94&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item42&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.38&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.81&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item43&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.65&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.99&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item44&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.39&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.03&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item46&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.73&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.96&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item47&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.97&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.01&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;item48&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.59&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.81&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;I&gt;Table 2 â A table showing the descriptive statistics for each item of the first questionnaires after items removed (to 2dp.)&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;


&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Mean&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Minimum&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Maximum&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Range&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Maximum / Minimum&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Variance&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;N of Items&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Item Means&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.137&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.470&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.760&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.290&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.522&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.124&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;20&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Item Variances&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.011&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.648&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.282&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.634&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.977&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.033&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;20&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;I&gt;Table 3 â A table summarising the descriptive statistics for 1&lt;SUP&gt;st&lt;/SUP&gt; questionnaire.&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;I&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The item means statistics are as would be expected when testing two opposing attitudes on a 5-point likert scale. From table 2 it is clear that all the means and standard deviations are similar. With the standard deviation being around 1. The item means are as they should be, with the mean around 3, (M = 3.137) with a few deviations, (Range = 1.290, Variance = 0.124,) no items having a mean of much less than 2.5, (Min = 2.470), or much higher than three point five, (Max = 3.760). The item variance is fairly low (M=1.011) and deviates little (Range = 0.634, Variance = 0.33) &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;Descriptive Statistics from the 2&lt;SUP&gt;nd&lt;/SUP&gt; Questionnaire&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;


&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;B&gt;Item&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;B&gt;Mean&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;B&gt;Std. Deviation&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item4&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.60&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.082&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item6&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.75&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.029&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item8&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.36&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.020&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item14&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.40&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.110&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item21&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.33&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.045&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item22&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.22&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.894&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item27&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.20&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.110&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item28&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.46&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.141&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item30&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.96&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.127&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item31&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.91&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.036&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item32&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.00&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.181&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item33&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.43&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.057&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item36&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.94&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.127&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item41&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.43&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.987&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item42&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.38&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.862&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item43&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.61&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.043&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item44&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.38&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.033&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item46&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.68&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.062&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item47&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.97&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.029&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;t2item48&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.54&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;0.904&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;I&gt;Table 4 â A table showing the descriptive statistics obtained by the 2&lt;SUP&gt;nd&lt;/SUP&gt; questionnaire (to 2dp.)&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Summary Item Statistics&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;


&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Mean&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Minimum&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Maximum&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Range&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Maximum / Minimum&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;Variance&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;N of Items&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Item Means&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.128&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2.430&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;3.750&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.320&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.543&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.136&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;20&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Item Variances&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.096&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.743&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.394&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.651&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.876&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.029&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;20&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Inter-Item Correlations&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.270&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;-.164&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.750&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.914&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;-4.576&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;.028&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;20&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;I&gt;Table 5 â A table summarising the descriptive statistics for 2&lt;SUP&gt;nd&lt;/SUP&gt; questionnaire&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;I&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;These show similar results to those found in the 1&lt;SUP&gt;st&lt;/SUP&gt; questionnaire. Standard deviation are around 1. Means are around 3, (M = 3.128) with a few deviations, (Range = 1.320, Variance = 0.136,)&amp;nbsp; These very similar results would suggest that the questionnaire had consistency over time; however this is tested for and discussed further later.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;Reliability analysis of 1&lt;SUP&gt;st&lt;/SUP&gt; and 2&lt;SUP&gt;nd&lt;/SUP&gt; questionnaires&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;I&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;A reliability analysis of the items of the first questionnaire was performed to explore to what extent the scale was internally consistent. The results showed strong internal consistency in both questionnaires (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.891). The result suggest that the scale is not unidimensional (Inter-Item Correlation = 0.289) Similar findings were found with the reliability analysis of the second questionnaire, there was a similar strong internal consistency (Cronbrachâs Alpha = 0.882) and the scale still appeared to be multidimensional (Inter-Item Correlation = 0.270)&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;Test-Retest Reliability&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The results above show that both tests are internally consistent but to discover if the test was consistent over time a test-retest correlational analysis was conducted, scores from the same individuals, on the same items on both questionnaires should be similar to indicate reliability over time. Each participantsâ total score was calculated for questionnaire one and questionnaire two and then the relationship between the two variables was examined. A significant strong correlation between scores on the two questionnaires was found (R = 0.949, p = 0.001). These results indicate that the test was reliable over time. The strong correlation between the two tests is illustrated below in a scatter-graph.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;Criterion Statistics&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;


&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Gender&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;N&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Mean&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Std. Deviation&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Std. Error Mean&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;TOTAL2&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;50&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;55.06&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;10.25&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.45&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;2&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;50&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;70.04&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;7.34&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;P align=right&gt;1.04&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The hypothesis for this study was 1-tailed. The females scored a mean of 70.04 while males scored a mean of 55.06. An independent t-test was conducted to explore the influence gender had on attitudes towards male anorexia. A Leveneâs test of homogeneity of variance was carried out and found to be non-significant (p = 0.183) and therefore it can be assumed that there are no significant differences between variances. Gender was shown to have a significant effect on attitudes towards male anorexia, (df = 98, t = 8.045, p = 0.001). &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;Discussion&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;To summarize the results, internal consistency and consistency over time were present in the questionnaires; homogeneity of variance was assumed an independent t-test yielded significant results indicating that there is a difference between male and female attitudes towards male anorexia with males holding the negative viewpoint, while the average female has a more positive attitude towards male anorexics. This is supports the hypothesis that gender affects attitudes towards male anorexic.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Although these findings are highly significant it would be beneficial to conduct research where the scale was unidimensional as opposed to multidimensional.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;These results support that Gordonâs viewpoint (2000) was correct that males suffering with anorexia nervosa are stigmatised, however Gordon also expected females to have negative attitudes towards anorexic males which this study does not find supportive evidence for. To ensure that it is not just female anorexics that stigmatise male anorexics a study could be conducted to investigate the difference between female who are suffering with anorexia nervosa and females who are not.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Negative attitudes towards male anorexia may be due to males being undereducated about anorexia as the condition is mainly associated with females. These results could be the consequence of a lack of media coverage. Female bias in academic publications about male anorexia may also contribute (Darvell, 2000). According to Margo, (1987) this will indirectly cause anorexic males health to become worse. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;All the participants where students, with no mature students included, which served as a control, however further research to see if the results can be generalised would be worthwhile. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;All the participants completed the questionnaires in similar conditions and the use of a questionnaire meant all the questions were standardised. Opportunity sampling was a suitable method for this study due to limitations on time, and the results were highly significant, but if a random sampling method was used for similar research in the future it would reduce possible criticisms. Because none of the participants where told we were comparing male and female attitudes until after the questionnaires were completed, the likelihood of demand characteristics was minimised.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;To conclude, the results show a significant difference between male and female attitudes towards anorexia. Males showed a more negative attitude. The questionnaires internal consistency and reliability over time, along with homogeneity of variance of the results can all be assumed. The negative attitudes theorists suggest could be affecting the sufferersâ physical and mental health (Margo, 1980; Gordon, 2000) so it is a vitally important area of study to as evidence will in itself raise awareness and encourage other means of doing so. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;

&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: Clause!</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/Clause/zgxqh/post.htm#451408</link><pubDate>Sun, 09 Dec 2007 21:23:08 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:451408</guid><dc:creator>Clive</dc:creator><description>&lt;P&gt;Hi,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;I &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;have&lt;/FONT&gt; a question &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;about&lt;/FONT&gt; clause&lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;s.&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Halema'uma where the legendary Pele, Hawaiian goddess of fire, is said to live. (relative clause, as it defi&lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;nes&lt;/FONT&gt; Halema'uma???)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Yes, it's a relative clause that is adjectival. I assume you know that this whole utterance is not a proper sentence, as it lacks a main clause.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;img src="/emoticons/emotion-2.gif" alt="Big Smile [:D]" /&gt;&amp;nbsp; I thought Pele was the Brazilian god of football .&lt;img src="/emoticons/emotion-2.gif" alt="Big Smile [:D]" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;
&lt;P&gt;and cools where is lands (adver&lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;b&lt;/FONT&gt;ial clase, as it &lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;modi&lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;fies&lt;/FONT&gt; verb&lt;/FONT&gt; cools?) &lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;The front part of this sentence fragment seems to be missing. Can you supply it to us? The words you have given us here make no sense. Are you sure you have no typos? eg should 'is' be 'it'?&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;It was where harmless fairy tale witches threw their eyes of newt and toes of frog.&amp;nbsp; (I have no idea for that one. I doubt its a noun clause!!!)&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt; Why do you doubt that? It seems like a noun clause to me.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;EM&gt;If you'll permit me to say so, you should get into the habit of checking your spelling after you type a post. &lt;img src="/emoticons/emotion-1.gif" alt="Smile [:)]" /&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Best wishes, Clive&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: British versus american expressions</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/BritishVersusAmericanExpressions/4/vzwql/Post.htm#361244</link><pubDate>Sun, 06 May 2007 21:01:16 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:361244</guid><dc:creator>Lil' Ruby Rose</dc:creator><description>Flyover overpass &lt;BR&gt;Flyscreen window screen &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- not a common feature in UK homes.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Fondle handle, touch&amp;nbsp; &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- distinction becoming obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Fondle nowadays has sexual overtones, and is used less often&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;football rugby, soccer &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- NO!&amp;nbsp; Football and rugby are two different sports.&amp;nbsp; Americans call football soccer, but they call rugby rugby&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;footway sidewalk &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Pavement has been used in BrE for at least 50 years&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;fortnight two weeks &lt;BR&gt;Fount font, typeface &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Typeface used in BrE now&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;franking machine postage meter &lt;BR&gt;free phone toll free &lt;BR&gt;Frisson shiver &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- both words current in BrE, with slightly different nuances of meaning&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;full age legal age &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;full stop period &lt;BR&gt;Fused burnt out &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete distinction.&amp;nbsp; Fused in BrE means welded together - different from burnt out&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;gangway aisle &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- becoming obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Aisle used more often in BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;Gaol jail &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- Jail becoming more usual spelling in everyday BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;gear box transmission &lt;BR&gt;gear lever gear shift &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Current BrE is gear stick (and has been for at least 40 years)&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;geyser water heater&lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt; - obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Boiler is current BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;Ginnel alley &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- regional and obscure.&amp;nbsp; Alley commonly used in BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;Glass mirror &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- virtually obsolete&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;goggle-box boob tube &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- old-fashioned slang for television.&amp;nbsp; Boob tube in BrE is a kind of women's top with no sleeves.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;good few good many, large number &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete distinction.&amp;nbsp; All phrases used in BrE, good few/many becoming less common&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;grammar school high school &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete distinction.&amp;nbsp; Grammar schools were largely replaced in the 1960's&amp;nbsp;by comprehensives after&amp;nbsp;a reform of the school system.&amp;nbsp; In some areas grammar schools still exist, and high school is still used as part of traditional names of some schools.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;Griff news &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete slang&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;ground floor first floor &lt;BR&gt;Gum glue or paste &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- Good grief!&amp;nbsp;Obsolete. Both BrE and AmE use 'glue'&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;gum boots rubber boots &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; BrE uses wellington boots or wellies for short&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;hair wash shampoo &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Shampoo used in BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;handbag purse &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- Purse in BrE is an AmE wallet.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;hard lines bad luck &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete slang&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;headlamps headlights &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Headlights used in BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;headmaster principal &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- more often Headteacher in UK these days&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;held up delayed (held up means robbed in American) &lt;BR&gt;Hide leather &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;hooter horn &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;ice lolly Popsicle &lt;BR&gt;in-built built-in &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Built-in is current BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;infant's school kindergarten &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- becoming obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Infants (not infant's school) now known as Key Stage 1 (KS1)&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;interval intermission &lt;BR&gt;invalid chair wheel chair &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Wheelchair is current BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;ironmonger hardware store &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- both used&amp;nbsp;in BrE, though with 'shop' rather than 'store'&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Jam jelly &lt;BR&gt;Jelly Jell-O, gelatin &lt;BR&gt;jotter notebook &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Notebook used in BrE&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Jug pitcher &lt;BR&gt;key money security deposit &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- becoming obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Deposit more often used in BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;knickers panties &lt;BR&gt;knock up waken or rouse (means impregnate in American) &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Also means impregnate in BrE these days&lt;/FONT&gt;.&lt;BR&gt;laddering my tights a run in my stocking &lt;BR&gt;ladybird ladybug &lt;BR&gt;Lag insulation &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- becoming obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Only used now in 'lagging' = insulation around water tanks and pipes.&amp;nbsp; Loft insulation is never referred to as lag/lagging&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;lead (dogs) leash &lt;BR&gt;lead (electric) cord, wire &lt;BR&gt;lending library public library &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Library only used.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;lettings apartments for rent &lt;BR&gt;library ticket library card&amp;nbsp;&lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Library card used in BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;Lift elevator &lt;BR&gt;loads lift freight elevator &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; More usually 'service lift' in BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;lollipop lady crossing guard &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- still used informally, but politial correctness means this job is now more often referred to a crossing supervisor&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;Long-case clock grandfather clock &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- Incorrect distinction.&amp;nbsp; Grandfather clock has been used for generations in BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;Loose covers slipcovers &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete distinction.&amp;nbsp; Both used in BrE &lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;Lorry truck &lt;BR&gt;m and r um and er, hem and haw &lt;BR&gt;macintosh raincoat &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- virtually&amp;nbsp;obsolete - see below&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;mack raincoat &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- usually mac, but raincoat also used in BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;Mad insane (means angry in American) &lt;BR&gt;made redundant laid off &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- both used in BrE&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;maize corn &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- virtually obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Corn used more often in BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;maize cob corn on the cob &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; Corn-on-the-cob used in BrE&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;marrow squash &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- both words used to describe different vegetables in BrE nowadays&lt;/FONT&gt;.&lt;BR&gt;match game&lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt; - both used in BrE, often interchangeably in a sports context&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;mean stingy &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- both used in BrE&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;means test need analysis &lt;BR&gt;mend repair &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- both used in BrE&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;metalled road paved road &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;midden garbage dump &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; In UK now we use dump or tip, but the official term is household refuse and recycling centre!&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;milliard billion &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;minced meat ground beef &lt;BR&gt;moggy cat, kitty &lt;BR&gt;monkey nuts peanuts &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- both used in BrE.&amp;nbsp; Monkey nuts still sometimes used if the shells are on.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;motor spirits fuel, gas, gasoline &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- obsolete.&amp;nbsp; 'Petrol' has been the common BrE term since at least 1935!&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;muesli granola&lt;BR&gt;nappies diapers &lt;BR&gt;Nose to tail bumper to bumper &lt;FONT color=#ff1493&gt;- both used in BrE&lt;/FONT&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: Canadian Vocabulary vs American and British</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/CanadianVocabularyAmericanBritish/2/vcbjk/Post.htm#344362</link><pubDate>Wed, 28 Mar 2007 00:28:26 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:344362</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>this sort of sounds like geography of language... or perhaps my major is coming through!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;1. Which way of spelling do U prefer: &lt;b&gt;odour/&lt;/b&gt;odor, &lt;b&gt;colour&lt;/b&gt;/color,
&lt;b&gt;centre&lt;/b&gt;/center, &lt;b&gt;foetus&lt;/b&gt;/fetus, &lt;b&gt;licence&lt;/b&gt;/license, &lt;b&gt;dialogue&lt;/b&gt;/dialog,
j&lt;b&gt;ewellery&lt;/b&gt;/jewelery, &lt;b&gt;c&lt;/b&gt;riticise/&lt;b&gt;criticize&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;formulae&lt;/b&gt;/formulas, tyre/&lt;b&gt;tire&lt;/b&gt;,
program/&lt;b&gt;programme&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2.Do U ever use any of these words (if yes how often): serviette, chesterfield &lt;b&gt;Yes, and quite frequently&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;3. Which words do you use&amp;nbsp; in everyday life: &lt;b&gt;autumn&lt;/b&gt;/fall,
&lt;b&gt;biscuit/cookie&lt;/b&gt; (interchangibly(, chemist's/&lt;b&gt;drugstore,&lt;/b&gt; crisps/&lt;b&gt;chips&lt;/b&gt;, football/&lt;b&gt;soccer,&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b&gt;garden&lt;/b&gt;/yard, lift/&lt;b&gt;elevator&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thx also for filling these info:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Age: 20&lt;br&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sex: f&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Province OR territory (if you are a Canadian): Columbie Brittanique (heh. BC)&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Town: BC&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Education (primary/secondary/ higher education): almost completed BSc. One more year! Whoo!&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: Canadian Vocabulary vs American and British</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/CanadianVocabularyAmericanBritish/dqzln/post.htm#330816</link><pubDate>Mon, 19 Feb 2007 00:58:52 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:330816</guid><dc:creator>Clive</dc:creator><description>&lt;P&gt;Hi,&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I beleive there is quite a lot of literature available on this topic. This includes the Canadian Oxford Dictionary that I have in front of me here, and which claims to define Canadian English. Are you hoping to add something new?&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Good luck, Clive&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;My practical&amp;nbsp;section of this dissertation is to involve the analysis of Canadian Vocabulary and I&amp;nbsp;do need your help (especially of Native CANADIANS). &lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;I'm a Canadian. We use the term &lt;EM&gt;native Canadian&lt;/EM&gt; to refer to what you might call &lt;EM&gt;Canadian Indians.&lt;/EM&gt; I&lt;/FONT&gt; would be&amp;nbsp;REALLY grateful if U could give me answers to the following survey:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;1. Which way of spelling do U prefer: &lt;STRONG&gt;odour&lt;/STRONG&gt;/odor,&lt;STRONG&gt; colour&lt;/STRONG&gt;/color,&lt;STRONG&gt; centre&lt;/STRONG&gt;/center, foetus&lt;STRONG&gt;/fetus&lt;/STRONG&gt;, &lt;STRONG&gt;licence&lt;/STRONG&gt;/license, &lt;STRONG&gt;dialogue/&lt;/STRONG&gt;dialog, &lt;STRONG&gt;jewellery/&lt;/STRONG&gt;jewelery, criticise/&lt;STRONG&gt;criticize&lt;/STRONG&gt;, &lt;STRONG&gt;formulae/formulas&lt;/STRONG&gt;, &amp;lt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt; &lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;both, depending on context.- the former in a math context&lt;/FONT&gt; &amp;nbsp;tyre/&lt;STRONG&gt;tire&lt;/STRONG&gt;, &lt;STRONG&gt;program/&lt;/STRONG&gt;programme&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;2.Do U ever use any of these words (if yes how often): serviette, chesterfield&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt; No and No&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;3. Which words do you use&amp;nbsp; in everyday life:&lt;STRONG&gt; &lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;autumn/fall&lt;/STRONG&gt;, biscuit&lt;STRONG&gt;/cookie&lt;/STRONG&gt;, chemist's/&lt;STRONG&gt;drugstore,&lt;/STRONG&gt; crisps/&lt;STRONG&gt;chips,&lt;/STRONG&gt; &lt;STRONG&gt;football/soccer&lt;/STRONG&gt;, &amp;lt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt; both, depending on which of the two games I am speaking of&amp;nbsp; &lt;STRONG&gt;garden/yard,&lt;/STRONG&gt; lift/&lt;STRONG&gt;elevator&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Thx also for filling these info:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Age: &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Sex: &lt;STRONG&gt;M&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Province and territory (if you are a Canadian): &lt;STRONG&gt;Ontario&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Town: &lt;STRONG&gt;Toronto&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Education (primary/secondary/ &lt;STRONG&gt;higher education):&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: Canadian Vocabulary vs American and British</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/CanadianVocabularyAmericanBritish/dqcvz/post.htm#329822</link><pubDate>Fri, 16 Feb 2007 05:17:58 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:329822</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>&lt;P&gt;1. Which way of spelling do U prefer: &lt;STRONG&gt;odour&lt;/STRONG&gt;/odor, &lt;STRONG&gt;colour&lt;/STRONG&gt;/color, centre/&lt;STRONG&gt;center&lt;/STRONG&gt;, foetus/&lt;STRONG&gt;fetus,&lt;/STRONG&gt; licence/&lt;STRONG&gt;license&lt;/STRONG&gt;, &lt;STRONG&gt;dialogue&lt;/STRONG&gt;/dialog, jewellery/&lt;STRONG&gt;jewelery&lt;/STRONG&gt;(which i say jewl-ree), criticise/&lt;STRONG&gt;criticize&lt;/STRONG&gt;, &lt;STRONG&gt;formulae&lt;/STRONG&gt;/formulas, tyre/&lt;STRONG&gt;tire&lt;/STRONG&gt;, &lt;STRONG&gt;program&lt;/STRONG&gt;/programme&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2.Do U ever use any of these words (if yes how often): &lt;STRONG&gt;serviette&lt;/STRONG&gt;(as often as napkin), chesterfield(never)&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;3. Which words do you use&amp;nbsp; in everyday life: autumn/fall(both but fall more comonly), biscuit/cookie(biscuit but not to mean a cookie, cookie to mean a cookie), chemist's/&lt;STRONG&gt;drugstore&lt;/STRONG&gt;, crisps/&lt;STRONG&gt;chips&lt;/STRONG&gt;(meaning potato chips, not french fries), &lt;STRONG&gt;football/soccer&lt;/STRONG&gt;(football means american football, soccer means everyone else's football), &lt;STRONG&gt;garden/yard&lt;/STRONG&gt;(garden has flowers, yard you mow), lift/&lt;STRONG&gt;elevator&lt;/STRONG&gt;(as was said, of course i saw lift but it doesn't mean an elevator)&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Thx also for filling these info:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Age: 21&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Sex: m&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Province and territory (if you are a Canadian): BC&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Town: Kamloops&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Education (primary/secondary/ higher education): University Student&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: Canadian Vocabulary vs American and British</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/CanadianVocabularyAmericanBritish/dqblg/post.htm#329653</link><pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 2007 15:02:13 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:329653</guid><dc:creator>Grammar Geek</dc:creator><description>&lt;P&gt;1. Which way of spelling do U prefer: odour/&lt;STRONG&gt;odor&lt;/STRONG&gt;, colour/&lt;STRONG&gt;color&lt;/STRONG&gt;, centre/&lt;STRONG&gt;center&lt;/STRONG&gt;, foetus/&lt;STRONG&gt;fetus&lt;/STRONG&gt;, licence/&lt;STRONG&gt;license&lt;/STRONG&gt;, &lt;STRONG&gt;dialogue&lt;/STRONG&gt;/dialog, jewellery/&lt;STRONG&gt;jewelery&lt;/STRONG&gt;, criticise/&lt;STRONG&gt;criticize&lt;/STRONG&gt;, formulae/&lt;STRONG&gt;formulas&lt;/STRONG&gt;, tyre/&lt;STRONG&gt;tire&lt;/STRONG&gt;, &lt;STRONG&gt;program&lt;/STRONG&gt;/programme&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2.Do U ever use any of these words (if yes how often): serviette, chesterfield &lt;STRONG&gt;Never&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#ff0000&gt;You need to provide the definition you were looking for in #3. Biscuit, in American English, has its own defintion, and so does football. Likewise, garden and yard, etc. If I followed the question directly ask asked, I'd choose all of them except crisps and chemists. Likewise, others will choose chips to mean "French fries."&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;3. Which words do you use&amp;nbsp; in everyday life: autumn/fall - &lt;STRONG&gt;both, but probably fall more often&lt;/STRONG&gt;, biscuit - &lt;STRONG&gt;this is a type of bread - I do use it, but not to mean cookie&lt;/STRONG&gt;/&lt;STRONG&gt;cookie&lt;/STRONG&gt;, chemist's/&lt;STRONG&gt;drugstore&lt;/STRONG&gt;, crisps/&lt;STRONG&gt;chips&lt;/STRONG&gt;, football - &lt;STRONG&gt;I call American football&amp;nbsp; just "football"&lt;/STRONG&gt;/&lt;STRONG&gt;soccer to mean what everyone else calls football&lt;/STRONG&gt;, &lt;STRONG&gt;garden - these have flowers&lt;/STRONG&gt;/&lt;STRONG&gt;yard - this you mow&lt;/STRONG&gt;, lift - of course I use the word "lift" but not to mean elevator/&lt;STRONG&gt;elevator&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Thx also for filling these info:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Age: 40&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Sex: F&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Province and territory (if you are a Canadian): &lt;FONT color=#ff0000&gt;And if we're not Canadian?&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Town:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Education (primary/secondary/ higher education): master's&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Canadian Vocabulary vs American and British</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/CanadianVocabularyAmericanBritish/dqbkw/post.htm</link><pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 2007 14:02:09 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:329638</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>&lt;P&gt;Hello everybody:-) I'm currently writing MA thesis concerning Canadian English. My practical&amp;nbsp;section of this dissertation is to involve the analysis of Canadian Vocabulary and I&amp;nbsp;do need your help (especially of Native CANADIANS). I would be&amp;nbsp;REALLY grateful if U could give me answers to the following survey:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;1. Which way of spelling do U prefer: odour/odor, colour/color, centre/center, foetus/fetus, licence/license, dialogue/dialog, jewellery/jewelery, criticise/criticize, formulae/formulas, tyre/tire, program/programme&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2.Do U ever use any of these words (if yes how often): serviette, chesterfield&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;3. Which words do you use&amp;nbsp; in everyday life: autumn/fall, biscuit/cookie, chemist's/drugstore, crisps/chips, football/soccer, garden/yard, lift/elevator&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Thx also for filling these info:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Age: &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Sex:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Province and territory (if you are a Canadian):&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Town:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Education (primary/secondary/ higher education):&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: What do you think about Turkish Football ?</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/AboutTurkishFootball/2/dxglg/Post.htm#321272</link><pubDate>Mon, 29 Jan 2007 03:14:34 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:321272</guid><dc:creator>W-inter</dc:creator><description>&lt;P&gt;the teams in Turkish i have ever heard of are Fenerbah&amp;nbsp;and Galatasaray,the two all made their appearance and did well in Champions League. as to the famous players,it is Emere(a right spelling?),because he once played for Inter(i like Inter most worldwide),as well as another short player who played in a Germany football club and they played but lost the final in Champions League.sorry i can not spell out his name right,it is a tough job to&amp;nbsp;write foreigners' names 100% correctly due to their big differences from chinese names.&lt;/P&gt;</description></item><item><title>Re: What do you know about soccer in Russia?:)</title><link>http://www.englishforums.com/English/AboutSoccerRussia/dmdzq/post.htm#310487</link><pubDate>Thu, 04 Jan 2007 19:37:16 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="true">946f00bb-57d3-4b7b-a9a2-059b5341af52:310487</guid><dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator><description>&lt;P&gt;Im from Russia, Kaliningrad!!! I like football too! But boys always say that there are too little girls who like it!! And they don't believe me, that I like it and started to ask me a lot of questions about it! I hate it!&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;P&gt;I like Diniyar!! I don't know the english spelling of his name, and russian is ÐÐ¸Ð½Ð¸ÑÑ (Lokomotiv)!!!&lt;/P&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>