Past time only? OK, these are correct: I never believed that Mrs.Stevens took / would take the money. At no time did I ever believe that.... I rarely met such an interesting individual. Rarely did I meet s uch an....

Both are fine. The second is overly formal and seldom used nowadays.

Be careful, Tinanam-- I think you mean ' messages '. Yes, you have the right understanding of the verbs. The conditional leaves open the possiblity that it was not the speaker's fault-- perhaps the messages never arrived -- or that s/he is unsure

I thought it might be 'antithesis' (or whatever it's called)- the surprise at the end, where the old lady prays for 'somebody's son ' after the boy has been thoughtful to 'somebody's mother '. That seems to me to be the significant figure of

You cannot explain aspect or voice or tense-- there is not enough context. It could be simple or perfect aspect, active or passive voice, simple past, or just an adjective. All you can say is that it is the -ed form of the verb.

Yes, if you use a question mark.

Wikipedia? Hmm. You might well have written that yourself, then, color.

Events before now and after now.

The second is not a native formation.

No, the octothorpe is not a number sign in 5# of sugar .