There are some training companies that offer 'benchmark courses' or 'benchmark training' in marketing. If I studied for a marketing degree twenty years ago, I can take one of these course to bring my marketing knowledge to the current standard

I've never heard benchmark being used in that way ('I'm going to do my benchmark.') However, benchmark is a word originally used by surveyors, meaning 'a physical point of reference', literally a mark, such as an orange cone, set upon a bench. So

Yes, but it is then called a 'family tree', and it is drawn up by a genealogist .

Thanks for the links Mike. This is actually welcome news: they're investing the money in support for Linux, not in the core operating system itself.

A distinction must be made: people tend to disagree with the United States' method of involvement (e.g. not enough push for diplomatic concord - until recently), and not the involvement per se, which is isolationism. Yes, states do make mistakes:

A good analogy. But don't you think that most people are unperturbed by this? There is a threat to privacy, but does this have any practical implications? Not really, especially to a generation brought up to consider it a normality.

I did find an online Arabic to English dictionary, but it requires subscription. http://dictionary.sakhr.com/

Hi Umano, I know the shops you're talking about. Many of them sell 'fair trade' products, promoted by organisations such as EFTA . I once bought bongos from such a shop, though their use never really went beyond irritating my siblings.

Hi Neha, Welcome to the forums. Here is a similar thread you might be interested in.

Greg The title of this topic is, 'Are cookies a form of spyware?' I don't feel that I am splitting hairs by giving definitions of spyware and showing where they are relevant to cookies. Have you considered upgrading to IE6? It might solve the