"Conditioning" is a kind of learned behaviour, a way of responding to a specific stimulus (in this case "the threats in the rhetorical speeches of the Soviets"). It all sounds very Cold War to me..

Yes, spoken rapidly, both sentences would probably sound the same to me. To avoid ambiguity, the enunciation of refuse/refused would need to be clearer, with a slight hiatus before the pronunciation of to . Of course, you could avoid any ambiguity

Hi Alan, He isn't going to finish his exams because the time is little = He isn't going to finish his exams because of the little time . (Isn't it?) No, a native speaker wouldn't say that; if you want to use the adjective little

Yes, there are various ways in which a native speaker might express this, but "the short time" isn't one of them. I'd probably say, "because of a lack of time", but other alternatives could include: a. "...because

Hi Eff, Some do, some don't.. 1) From time to time, the palace is a venue for performances by costumed actors. (OR: COSTUMED ACTORS PERFORMANCES??) That's fine as it is. If you were to use 'costumed actors performances', you

Passages such as this would have the good folk at the Plain English Campaign tearing their hair out in frustration ; it's a peculiar, unnecessarily complex, unnatural type of English, that, unfortunately, I believe, sets a bad example to

Hi Eff, Yes, they are (almost) all grammatically correct, and sound pretty natural to this native English speaker. . However, if they were my sentences, I'd make a few minor changes, as follows: 1) James Watt made the steam engine more

Hi Olgaa, I agree with Clive, but I'd like to expand upon it a bit; the key word in " The c hances against successful transmission are a thousand to one" is against . If the sentence had read " The c hances of successful

Hi, Lithium is sometimes used as a medicine to treat depression, bipolar disorder, etc., and that's evidently the context here.

I wouldn't insert 'the' anywhere in this sentence, but I would re-write it thus: "What is regarded as attractive has changed in each period of history , that this which makes it difficult to define universal principles of good