the subject verb agreement is with 'you' in the first question and 'the man' in the second.  Questions using the verb 'to be' have inverted word order.  The statement word order for these questions would be 'you are

When speaking very properly, 'as if' should be followed by the subjunctive 'were' (I.e. the second conditional).  Most people, however, use a finite verb instead (i.e. 'are').

'I hate him so much, he killed my dog' is a comma splice .  This is considered bad punctuation; though many native speakers write like this without worrying about the fact that it's a comma splice.   You have to put in the subordinator

It is probably more common to put the article before those two, but it can be omitted when talking about things in general under some circumstances.  I'm pretty sure there is an explanation of this situation in 'Advanced Grammar in

British English: two thousand and ten American: two thousand ten (Mind you, these days many British English speakers are also using the American wording)

We use the auxiliary verb do when the finite verb in the clause is any verb except for the verb to be .  However, if the verb is in continuous aspect, we use to be  and if it is in perfect, we use to have . Examples: Kill:  He killed the spider.

Well traditional punctuation rules state that two independent clauses need to be separated either by a full stop / exclamation mark, or by a semicolon. Thus the following is quite proper: I hate him so much; he killed my dog. Now if you go back a

This example appears to fit what is called 'non-embedded indirect reported speech' on p1024 of The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language.  This basically fits with Clive's second (and favourite) suggestion. Embedded indirect

I think it might be a kind of appositive.  I am not really sure about this because it is not a part of speech that I have researched much.  But certainly inserted or tagged on information that is not clausal is appositive.  One problem with think

This is pretty much correct. The second sentence is definitely fine. Actually, the 'until now' is redundant in the first sentence.  Also, it might be more natural to use the perfect continuous in this sentence.  Perfect continuous is used